Southside Dreaming on Truganini Road

The Gertrude Contemporary crew
Head out to Preston
Blak Fitzroy long gone
White-collar types the norm

They buy another white cube
To articulate their view
Down the 86-tram on High
With a striking fluorescent sign

Asymmetrically dressed artists stare listlessly
Gathered on industrial concrete floors
Sculptural minimalism and half-finished interiors
Forever transformed by some object on a wall

A row of empty clean skins and a couple of long necks
Clutter the bins as the crowd starts to leave
The grand opening soared
And an over eager intern is ready
To mop up the floor
On his hands and knees
As the curator heads home
Entangled in his new
Piece of sex on the side

Marcus Westbury is doing his best
To save the others still trapped by Collingwood / Fitzroy’s housing gloom
He finds an old building
With a faded Keith Haring
And re-erects the vandalised walls

For all the white middle class
Still working in the arts
Dreaming of a new place
To mount their break out shows

So, I head home
To Truganini Rd
Not an artist in sight
Down the Cranbourne / Pakenham line

Just mum and me
Watching blonds on TV
With their television tits
And chemically straight hair
Talking shit in spiked heels
So effortlessly

No culture around
On this side of town
Just the occasional dream of what used to be

Posted in 84: SUBURBIA | Tagged

The Lodger

Sub-letting the spare room to Heidi, the struggling sculptor,
was a big mistake. Soon the beams in the kitchen
bowed under the strain of some massive marble block
and the chisel pecked away at my skull all night.

She kept herself to herself, paid her peppercorn rent
through a crack in the door, left hairs in the sink.
“This can’t go on,” I said as we passed on the stairs.
She closed her eyes when she spoke: “But he’s almost done.”

A few days later the hammering stopped. Then came
the giggles, the gurgling laughter, the creaking bedsprings
even on Sunday afternoons, then the raised voices
followed by broken plates and cups, then the single shot.

Posted in 84: SUBURBIA | Tagged

In a Tranquil Period

The stillness of the street along the river,

the exhale of the last light and the gold before it.
A small boat knifing the water.

These ways we learn to endure, without promises
or permanence. This forgetting of particulars.

As for the night, it too is steady

and gentle as the hand that releases the asp.
Three years I lived on the street where evening
lulled in to a solo violin. Bach talking in my ear

from a high window while I brewed
the night’s coffee. Where I would lie
in the middle of the empty road, not thinking

of renunciation. I came to learn pleasure as a choice.

As the slow unlearning of wrongness.

As the giving in, finally, to fear.

To irrecoverable time. Talk of freedom is only talk
of forgetting, which is a gift I never had.
Tonight I have no desire for answers.
Only to lay each moment of letting go

carefully on the table. To give in to small happiness,
as somebody calling to the cat before the storm.

To the pleasure of the bird as she lands

on the awning fed and singing.

Comfort is knowing time happens at once.
A correctness to our regrets, our anxiety

to look back. So specifically human

this desire, to live day to day without fear of loss.
I am sitting by the fireplace now, the rain
coming down before the night does. Having undone
any thought of going back as I did unchanged
to the simple life. Though I’d have it all again.
The happy routines, luxury of ignorance. Knowing
we continue no matter who is howling.
Like the god of music, who continues

in the wake of such destruction. Who sings

in between all that violence.

Posted in 84: SUBURBIA | Tagged

Review Short: Eddie Paterson’s redactor

redactor by Eddie Paterson
Whitmore Press, 2017


As a physical object with an online extraction, Eddie Paterson’s new book of poems, redactor, presents the performance of mark-making in an ever expanding digital sphere. The juxtaposition between the white of the page and the black of the ink has long provided a site for textual collision, one that was used to great effect by the concrete poets and the French Symbolists. Out of the deep web’s detritus, Paterson’s collection discovers new poetic spaces of beauty in the banality of our metadata.

As feeds refresh and emails are automatically vetted for junk, redactor reclaims writing that would otherwise be lost, all the while preserving the decadent excess of digital information and communication, as the reader traverses the ‘aisleform’ of images that fit-out the collection’s mise-en-scène. Whilst found poetry and cut-ups, epistolary poems, and lyric monologues are all present in this collection, Paterson affirms a poetics of attention in the context of a superabundance of cultural production, naming his way through film titles, basketball players, critical theorists and fashion accessories. Paradoxically, the poetic practices of attention-grabbing and attention-holding are best exemplified by Paterson’s with-holding, embodied by the black mark: the redaction.

That the redactions are not random and that they are persistent throughout the collection remind us there is one actor performing. This redactor (or (red)actor) elicits a verfremdungseffekt by creating distance between the ‘i’ of the poem and the reader as the Brechtian directive suggests. By obscuring names and gendered pronouns, the Rimbaudian je est en autre is here remixed to establish a subject that, much like an online avatar, is capable of transcending the limits of the physical. This evasive performance of subjectivity negates the possibility for a reader to experience direct empathy or cathartic transference with the speaker and correspondingly the stage is cleared for the creation of an elaborate aesthetic through language.

In the same manner that Basquiat’s strikethroughs inevitably highlight the partially obscured text on his canvases, Paterson’s redactions demand the reader’s attention by their suggestion of silence in the steady flow of (non-acoustic) monologue. Formally, the monologues (and implied dialogues) in redactor are performed through statistics, articles, emails and instant messages. When Truman Capote slurred the work of Jack Kerouac as typing – not writing – few could have anticipated the personal computer (and by extension the smartphone / tablet) and the impact that these online typing machines would have not simply on creation, but on communication. Reading the physical copy of redactor as an anthology of calls and responses apprehended brings the audience into the immediate moment of poetry. The performance of creative writing in Paterson’s world becomes an instantaneous and embodied process of text communicated: generated as fast as the fingers move and read as quickly as the broadband connection allows.

Some wonderful blurring of the physical and digital occurs in redactor, particularly in the incantatory displacement of the poem ‘alert, but not afeared’. Beginning, ‘do not be alarmed. eddie the computer has taken on a life of its / own’, this poem equivocally warns a human about the improved capabilities of AI and / or assigns a subjectivity to ‘eddie the computer’, granting it its own non-gendered pronoun.

The aptly titled ‘rhetoric’ makes the case for reading the digital stage into this collection. The poem assumes the guise of an email / instant message that ends, ‘it’s about how it’s your birthday & i / really wanted to say happy birthday. happy birthday’. Informed by J L Austin’s theory of the performative speech act, this poem performs the birthday wish without the requirement of some other place or platform for the speaker to say happy birthday. Equally, ‘verfremdungseffekt’ is not just the title of a poem, but the actual enactment of what it purports.

This passage from ‘flow’ provides an insight into Paterson’s ironic displacement of the actor, as clothing is raised to the level of costume:

                                                                                             trivia night 
punk dressing went well though, as suspected, the 
intellectual deliciousness of a person who identifies strongly 
with the punk dressing up as a fake punk was lost to all.

Filmic titles used throughout the collection time-stamp the poems, but also suggest mise-en-abyme. In ‘just to the right of the heart of it’ the speaker’s re-watching of the film ‘Robocop’ is an important marker between the ‘hysterical garbage’ of a contemporary alien invasion film ‘battle: los angeles’ and the ‘white ribbon xxxxxx films about nazi germany i generally don’t see’, both temporally and aesthetically. ‘Robocop’, as part-man/part-machine, suits the collection’s liminal treatment of the physical/digital by being neither dazzlingly post-modern nor pretentiously modernist. One can imagine the cyberpunk action hero redactor in its kitsch late-eighties resplendence tearing through a warehouse of digital correspondence brandishing a black marker.

The final poem in the collection, ‘love poem’, offers the best synecdoche for redactor. ‘love poem’ consolidates the collection’s aesthetic accretion of stuff, taking ownership for every aforementioned movie trilogy, serialised drama, basketball statistic, kitsch accessory and instruction manual. Heaping one reference upon another, Paterson shows how the accumulation of language can be purposed to build a wall for the actor to hide behind. As the poem continues one realises Paterson is not only assembling imagery, but also building toward a dramatic conclusion, eventually breaking this fourth wall with the poem’s final couplet:

have optimus prime wolf parade david hockney roman holiday
have playtime
leave me with the park with the sun & that afternoon when
unexpectedly you moved away from kafka & toward me.

In a collection where ‘russel crowe’ (who ‘consistently brings us to tears’) and ‘hugo weaving’ (who stars in a poem ‘no one seems to get’) feature prominently, Eddie Paterson, emerges at the close of ‘love poem’ as an Australian leading man, capable of a deft and show-stopping performance.

Posted in BOOK REVIEWS | Tagged ,

Review Short: The Collected Poems of Fay Zwicky

The Collected Poems of Fay Zwicky
edited by Lucy Dougan and Tim Dolin
UWA Press, 2017


On 2 July, 2017, my father sends me an article about Jewish Australian poet Fay Zwicky’s passing in Perth. I am four months into my Masters in Brisbane, where I am writing a manuscript of poetry and a thesis about tensions between my Jewish identity, memory, mental illness and hybridity as mediated through cultural objects and poetry. Fay Zwicky is one of my contemporary case studies and as I read through the article, I discover that the day before she died at age 83, The Collected Poems of Fay Zwicky was published, spanning her life’s work.

After long silence my broken world sits sweet
with memory, its beauty dries my tongue

‘In Rehab’

Including seventeen uncollected poems at the end of the collection, The Collected Poems of Fay Zwicky also contains her previous works Isaac Babel’s Fiddle (1975), Kaddish (1982), Ask Me (1990), The Gatekeeper’s Wife (1999) and Picnic (2006), in order of publication. An introduction from editors Lucy Dougan and Tim Dolin gives insightful context to her works, as does Zwicky’s important essay ‘Border Crossings’ (2000). Both the introduction and ‘Border Crossings’ are pertinent additions to the collection as they discuss Zwicky’s cultural background and the Jewish rituals that inform her poetry.

The Collected Poems of Fay Zwicky shows Zwicky’s style evolving from her earlier poems. However, there are still strong connections between these early and later poems; this is made particularly evident by the presence of Jewish motifs. Weaving together Jewish references through her witty, often-rebellious voice and her play on language, these can be traced back to Zwicky’s first collection Isaac Babel’s Fiddle. The title poem, ‘Isaac Babel’s Fiddle Reaches the Indian Ocean’ contains an extract from Babel’s short story Awakening and opens with Zwicky’s lines:

Just try and cast a piano
In the sea
Romantically.
Take it from me, you’ll 
Never make it.

Her voice rises to the fore in Kaddish, which brought her international recognition, and continues powerfully throughout her later collections. Drawing on her training as a classical pianist, Zwicky’s poems have musicality, rhythm and revel in sound, giving voice to women and minorities previously silenced by history. In her series ‘Ark Voices’ from Kaddish, Zwicky speaks through Mrs Noah and animals such as the Hippo, Wolf, and Whale. Her uncollected poem ‘Domestic Architecture’ heralds back to this theme, also evident in the title poem from The Gatekeeper’s Wife:

Severed from my ancestors
I light a candle for you
Every night inside a clay house.
Memory is only half the story.

In ‘The Terracotta Army at Xi’an’ in Picnic, Zwicky lets the voiceless Emperor Qinshihuang, the spear bearer, the cook, the farrier, the archer and the potter speak through poetic monologues. Dougan and Dolin write in their introduction that Zwicky had a fear of being unable to speak and of losing her voice. In ‘Ask Me’, Zwicky explicitly references this anxiety of speechlessness as the speaker crosses China, America and Australia:

It’s the year of the Dragon.
Omens for the journey aren’t encouraging.
No language and I’m booked
on China airlines. In Hong Kong I dream 
that I am born without a tongue
and wake up screaming…

—excerpt from ‘China Poems 1988’, part 1 ‘Roosters and Earthworms’

Of all Zwicky’s poems, her title poem from Kaddish best showcases the Jewish motifs displayed throughout this collection, and her reconfiguring and refreshing of language and ideas. ‘Kaddish’ is an elegy for Zwicky’s father and one of her most famous works, which took eighteen months to write. Drawing on Hebrew from the Jewish Mourner’s Prayer (the Kaddish), Zwicky also references the Passover song Had Gadya (One Little Goat) and turns the words upside down, making familiar melodies unfamiliar through metaphor. As I have recited the Passover songs every year since childhood, Zwicky’s inversion of Had Gadya is like a spot-the-difference game of rearranged fragments.

Zwicky credits the authors and influences that helped her find a voice in the 1970s: the Jewish American novelists Bernard Malamud, Saul Bellow and Philip Roth, whose work gave her a community that she felt she lacked in the Australian context. She also discovered Allen Ginsberg’s poem ‘Kaddish’ seventeen years after it had been published, and this was the breakthrough that made her feel freer to finish writing her own ‘Kaddish’.

For Zwicky, poetry has always seemed to be ‘a source of hope, a means of speaking against an orthodoxy, be it religious, political, or social’. Featured at the end of the book, Zwicky’s new and uncollected poems continue in these modes. For example, in her poem ‘In Rehab’, Dr Kiberu asks ‘are you religious?’ and Zwicky writes ‘I could be but not so you’d notice’. This line intersects with Zwicky’s major themes of Jewish identity in her earlier collections and is one that resonates throughout The Collected Poems of Fay Zwicky.

As a Jewish Australian woman writer, I am grateful that Zwicky has shown the possibilities of poetry for others to follow. The Collected Poems of Fay Zwicky is an extremely valuable addition to literature and a beacon for minority women’s voices to continue to break conventions, write and speak out.

Posted in BOOK REVIEWS | Tagged , , ,

Pete Hay Reviews Rachael Mead and Amanda Joy

The Quiet Blue World, and Other Poems by Rachael Mead
Garron Publishing, 2015

Snake Like Charms by Amanda Joy
UWA Publishing, 2017


The chapbook is the ideal public presentation of poetry for the times in which we live. It is even more portable than the conventionally slim collection; its humbler production values permit poets to get their work ‘out there’, thereby meeting the democratic criterion of accessibility for both poet and reader, and it is conducive to the rigours of thematic focus that a small body of work encourages. Long may it flourish.

Garron Publishing’s cover design for Rachael Mead’s chapbook, The Quiet Blue World, and Other Poems, misleads – it invites the reader to anticipate a fairy tale, when the poetry is hard-edged and very much of this world. Mead observes that world closely and keenly, though not romantically. In our assault upon the very processes of natural renewal, a distinctly non-romantic mode of writing the natural world is called for, and for this Mead can serve as an exemplar. Not that she does not recognise beauty; she is as adept at depicting beauty at sea as she is on land. She writes, in the title poem, of:

                              … the bobbing disk of birds.
Then the pod of dolphins, gleaming like needles
sewing the swell with their swift running-stitch.
And finally the orca, hunting the peaks and ridges
of their world, parting from the faces of waves
which open to them like the throats of seabirds
taking fish in one clean swallow.

This could easily slip into lyrical sweetness, but Mead is at sea to dive – in a cage! – into Great White habitat, and in the following sections of the poem, when this actually takes place, the very drama of the event serves as an antidote to any temptation to a starry-eyed tone of telling.

My favourite poem is the one that follows the title sequence, a poem in three sections entitled ‘What the Fire Didn’t Touch’. In this poem Mead unsentimentally dissects the loss of the family home to bushfire, along with her emotional reaction to it. The writing is precise, its evocation vivid. In what I presume to be the generation of the poet’s parents, a mother’s world merged with the world of the home. I am reminded of Meyer and Schapiro’s notion of ‘femmage’, the woman’s art of the home-making collage, a quilt-patterned geography of meaning, one characterised by complexity and creative clutter. The home, then, is much more than a merely functional edifice, given its elaborate knit of emotional meanings. To fight for the home against the threat of fire was to fight death itself:

Mum, who was never late for a day in her life,
woke up early for her death and missed it.
With her nightie pulled up over her nose
and wielding water in Grandma’s preserving pan
she was focused on the flames
and didn’t notice her death slink away
through the charred hole in the laundry ceiling.

This opening passage seems capable of multiple interpretations, many of them probably more cogent than the one I have advanced, but at her best Mead is like this; descriptively strong and clear, emotionally and conceptually complex, even enigmatic. It makes for striking poetry.

But I want to return to the notion of femmage, that essentially feminine quilted pattern of creative meaning. I have introduced it in connection with a single stanza, focused on the author’s mother, in a single poem – but it seems to me that this notion powerfully informs Mead’s own praxis. The structure of the longer poems is that of collage – no great insight there, as that is a common mode of organising longer poems – but it may be that Mead has a front-of-brain awareness of why she does this, as the metaphoric field from which she draws relies heavily on those domestic crafts.

Yet in the final poem in her collection, ‘Behind Locked Doors’, an uneasy amble through a cemetery evokes disquiet over the reduction of lives to a few sparse lines. The poet of nature – the poet with a sense of the interconnectedness of all things – supplants the poet of femmage. She is looking, it seems, for more than the mere ‘pieces’ we use to weave stories. The pieces in themselves are unsatisfactory, the edges and lines arbitrary. They hide a more profound reality, and she gives voice to it in the lines with which she closes the poem and the collection:

            … below the hard packed earth
the dead slowly get on with their dark work
of sifting themselves back
into the green world.

I read those lines and straightened my back – I’d just experienced one of those rare ‘I wish I’d written that’ moments. This is a fine small collection, then, one that does the chapbook format proud – tightly themed, resonant and democratically accessible.

Each of the volumes reviewed here demonstrate the extent to which the nature writing tradition can encompass a hard-edged non-lyricism. In Amanda Joy’s Snake Like Charms this is embodied in the enigma of the central motif of the snake. The intrigue begins with its title – no hyphen – thereby creating an ambiguity which is allowed to remain tantalisingly open. Not every poem features an encounter with, or a meditation on snakes, but one potentially lies in wait on every turn of the page.

In the case of snakes, the lyrical trend in nature writing has manifested in a tendency to depict them as misunderstood creatures, as forms of animal life to be primarily categorised by their remarkable beauty. The best-known exemplar of this is D H Lawrence’s much-read poem, ‘The Snake’. I, too, find snakes beautiful; so, on occasions, does Joy. But there is no escaping the fact that, exceptions notwithstanding, humankind has a visceral fear of snakes that kicks in sub-rationally, sending a wave of adrenaline coursing through one’s body. There are variations on this primal fear, with utter horror at the extreme end of the spectrum, and Joy is more inclined to explore these reactions than to sing of a lyrical beauty. The book is threaded with menace. Just when you thought it was safe to declare yourself at home in nature you are confronted by ‘the near silence/of an unseen snake in the grass’ (‘Spectacular Snakes’).

I suppose it’s okay to refer to Joy as a nature poet, for the snake is not the only form of more-than-human life within these pages, and the reader is always aware that this is poetry of the outdoors; poetry of wide views and skies. Joy is even explicit about it, telling us, in ‘Sensed through Opaque Windows’:

It’s hard to understand architecture
when my past is sea and desert.

But, just as with Mead, Joy’s poetry of nature is decidedly unromantic. That central motif of the snake ensures it so. It articulates the gulf between our fascination with nature and our inability, as a cultivated species, to be as one with it. The snake is there, over the next log perhaps, or in the empty wading pool with the author’s daughter (‘Wading Pool’), or in another young girl’s bedroom, drinking there from the saucer of milk (‘The Snake’s Ghost’). Nature, Tennyson told us, is ‘red in tooth and claw’. He should have added ‘fang’. And sometimes this brutality spills over into full-blown Gothic horror. In ‘Sea Krait, Broome’, we are given this:

After three days of seated travel
I lunge from the car, sprint the length
of jetty, deaf to the man screaming
warning. Only in mid-air do I look
down to the sea, the time it takes
to panic 

Two yellow and black krait, vivid
bandwidth of danger, turning on
the turquoise surface, and all
I can do, is fall
Posted in BOOK REVIEWS | Tagged , ,

Review Short: Amelia Dale’s Constitution and Yasmin Heisler’s Aquarium Drift

Constitution by Amelia Dale
Inken Publisch, 2017

Aquarium Drift by Yasmin Heisler
SOd Press, 2016


Amelia Dale’s Constitution is deep blue with the Commonwealth Coat of Arms on the cover; it looks like a passport. Yasmin Heisler’s Aquarium Drift features, as its first image, a colour scan of Aquarium Fish (a 64-page special issue of the magazine World of Wildlife) with ‘Fish’ crossed off and in its stead ‘drift’ in aquamarine type off-centre on the page.

Each collection inhabits and collages other texts. And while the process of collage can be described, and its ingredients and method prescribed, the outcome of the process – the art – is alchemical. Dale’s source text for Constitution is transcripts of Malcolm Turnbull in interview on The 7:30 Report. And Constitution’s alchemy is its humour, its inducement to laughter. For instance, in ‘Chapter I, Part I, 3.’: ‘But in terms of editorial matters, a lot of people write to me all the time and say. Some people actually think.’ In Aquarium Drift, the alchemy is in the movement in fragile moments of narrative: ‘fish keepers look consumed’ (from ‘Useful scavenger fish’) and ‘restless dead / markings           clear lips         other internal markings’ (from ‘Egg-laying fish for the aquarium’).

Yasmin Heisler introduces Aquarium Drift with its concept of composition: ‘[a] single word from each paragraph in Aquarium Fish [the magazine] has been used to compose the following poems. The magazine’s subheadings are the poem’s [sic] titles.’ I was curious about the magazine and went hunting for it, unsuccessfully. The best I could do was tally the words in the poems – there are 265 (or 269 if you count hyphenated words as two distinct words …) of them – that’s four or five paragraphs a page. But, the magazine is only an echo of itself in the poems.

Every poem but the final one sits next to a photograph of two pieces of beach treasure: dry coral, shells, rocks. The poems, with titles sounding like captions – ‘Pools and ponds as coldwater aquariums’ or ‘Indoor water gardening’ – take on the quality of photographs in the sense that they record and catalogue. These poems exhibit images upon images, next to each other, falling into each other. The poem ‘Indoor water gardening’ witnesses ‘lighting bodies permanganate           stick on / travellers           acid strap-like lace’. Heisler crafts momentary narratives by transforming what-once-were-probably-nouns in Aquarium Fish into what-can-be-verbs in Aquarium Drift. The ambiguities are multiple: ‘they pocket backgrounds/the masses shell delightful like’ (‘Anemones, corals and shells for the aquarium’).

Unlike Aquarium Drift, Dale’s Constitution contains no explicit details of its source text, or its method of organisation. Elsewhere, Dale has explained that the source is transcriptions of Turnbull in interview on The 7:30 Report. The transcriptions have been edited by Dale to ‘make the convolutions of his speech visible’ (Messenger).

Constitution is a text that destabilises – it makes liquid one of the base texts of the nation of Australia and diffuses the words of the nation’s 29th Prime Minister. Constitution also warps the reader’s apprehension of the formal document. It is hard to read: the difficulty deflects readerly expectations about how a text should be organised. Constitution begins with the title and ends with the publication details, as if an afterthought or final secret, on the final page.

Footnotes, for instance, don’t lead anywhere, tables of data are empty of information besides Turnbull-speak, and the words of the text are organised linearly. But they are more than linear – they are absolutely linear: headings, subheadings, references, the table of contents, copyright information all slot directly into an unrelenting string of Turnbull-speak. ‘Chapter VIII’ begins:

Chapter VIII—Because It’s Not as Interesting as the Gossip
128. But the fact is22
There’s as enormous amount of common ground about what the shape is going to be:

Beyond its textual organisation, however, this poem is hard to read because the content is so self-similar you feel that you might start anywhere, rearrange, chop and change the text without effectively altering it at all.

Constitution is often laugh-out-loud funny – Turnbull fails standards of etiquette and conversation again and again: ‘Thank you. Great to be with you. Well that’s not right, actually’ (‘Chapter I Part III 24. (ii)’). Or: ‘From the first day: / (i) of the election, once we got into office, I said: “You have to be.” And so they were’ (from ‘Chapter I Part III 44.-44. (i)’).

The comedy of the poem is an unstable thing. Dale says, ‘It is all Turnbull. I’ve deleted some words but all the text, the weird phrases, the odd metaphors are all his’ (Messenger). Turnbull himself is not particularly funny; his speech is deadening and bland. His government is not funny. In only the last weeks it has overseen and overlooked incredible violence towards asylum seekers, humiliation and dehumanisation of Australia’s queer community. But the emptiness, blandness, visible irritation, condescension and contempt Turnbull expresses towards his interviewers – and towards the citizens of Australia – when taken out of context and scrubbed of specific political reference, the words are so revolting and shocking that they become ridiculous and induce laughter. That these pages and pages of words fail so thoroughly to communicate anything concrete at all is hysterical. Who could say all this and yet so little? Hahaha! A J Carruthers has written of experimental poetry in Australia that its essential purpose is political – it seeks to ‘decolonise, question and critique nation and culture’. The poem is funny; its source material is not.

Posted in BOOK REVIEWS | Tagged , ,

Dominique Hecq Reviews Melinda Smith and Caren Florance

Goodbye, Cruel by Melinda Smith
Pitt Street Poetry, 2017

Members Only by Melinda Smith and Caren Florance
Recent Work Press, 2017


Seeking to cast light on Melinda Smith’s Goodbye, Cruel alongside her collaborative work with Caren Florance titled Members Only is like approaching a hive of fully-formed poems. Your step halts in awe of the air abuzz, as your gaze zooms into vivid sharpness. Though thematically and stylistically distinct, these two collection burst with ideas, energies, shapes and reconfigurations of lexicons. They are laden with ripe, yet sharp, shape-changing artefacts.

As the pause in the title foreshadows, Goodbye, Cruel asks the reader to fill in the gaps across its poetic and thematic spectrums. It is in five parts, each one particular in focus and tone, yet also bound by a shared elegiac strand that combines landscape markers of geographical location with myth, intertextual references and enactments of crisis. It is a late modern elegy belonging to a hybrid genre that combines life writing, an Australian version of pastoral, with elements of allegory and tragedy. The collection tackles various topics and processes of disruption, interruption, redress and reparation where loss is finally transfigured through the creative act of writing. An exception to that transfiguration is in the second section and title sequence where, as they should, words fail to convey the despair at the heart of the ellipsis: ‘Goodbye, Cruel …’

The first section of the book, ‘Tiny Carnivals’ takes its title from one poem, ‘Leaves from the Lovers’ Almanac’:

here I am
broken open
to a tiny carnival

The theme of impossible or broken relationships is announced in the first poem, ‘A never-to-be-repeated-spectacle,’ a bittersweet piece that sets the tone for a kaleidoscope of experimental poems, some prompted by an image, scene, phrase or even graffiti – one is generated through a phone’s predictive text. These are playful, fun and inventive poems despite their elegiac undertow. As if to warn the reader of what is to come, this undertow grows in strength with the unfolding of ‘Tiny Carnivals.’

Suicide is the topic of the next section. To die by one’s own hand remains a taboo in societies where life is supposed to be a gift. It is therefore a fraught issue; a topic shrouded in silence. This is ironic as there are now websites listing ways of ‘doing it’ against graphs highlighting success rates in colour for the browser’s convenience. So, anecdotally, when it was confirmed that French philosopher Gilles Deleuze had indeed committed suicide by jumping off his third floor apartment, I could not help but silently praise his research skills. Yes, the most effective way to go. Head first, preferably. For those who think about it, the question of ‘how’ is paramount. For those who remain, it is the question of ‘why’ that matters. For them, there is often no answer, no closure, no comfort but the painful passing of time. The poems in the second section, ‘Goodbye, Cruel’, tackle these questions.

Smith approaches her topic obliquely through an ‘I’ with multiple voices and personae as well as an eye with multiple perspectives. With their common references to houses and rooms and paddocks and daily routines, the poems might set up a frame of domesticity or a shelter against various scenarios of loss and death; but there are no fixed frames here, only points of departure in the representation of a dynamic process pitting life against death, with lingering grief and incomprehension. The very ambiguity of the title of the last poem, ‘Contemplating the gap’, confirms the indeterminacy at the heart of this section.

To decide to end one’s life is an irrevocable decision. ‘A willed departure on foot’, a poem appropriately set on the way to the sacred Mount Kailah in Tibet, dramatises the irrevocability of this decision. It works by accretion and repetition, embodying the death drive, as it were:

Prayer flags on the bridge
stirring, all blowing only one way
the way you are going
treading rocks, ice, moss, grass.

Sun splitting the cloud
scraping its blade over the stones, their foreheads
flaring to yellow, to bright lichen-red.

In this tender yet brutal allegory, the protagonist is an anorexic relentlessly pursuing her goal step after step until:

There is the wind, no longer thin,
still singing
rocks, ice, moss, grass.

Here, each poem tells a micro-story that resonates with Canto III of Dante’s Inferno, either directly (‘We that were human once’ and ‘The Undiscovered Country’) or indirectly. There is, for example, the memorable story of the father who drowns so that his family can live off his life insurance for a while; the story of a child whose mother, like Sylvia Plath, gassed herself after performing her duties. There is the moving testimony of a lifeline attendant, the stuttering of a ghost, the ‘buzzing on the wrong side of the pane,’ the silent cry. Three pieces provide an overarching frame, thereby destabilising any certainties the reader might have entertained as to the ‘how’ and ‘why’ of suicide. ‘The other manual’, with its ironic take on the websites invoked above, offers a contrast to ‘#otd’, a cento of obituaries, while ‘Incomplete’ considers apparent recklessness from two perspectives at once. The latter opens with an epigraph from Janet Frame’s poem ‘The suicides’, first published in The Pocket Mirror (1967): ‘they died because words they had spoken / returned always homeless to them.’ Smith then explores the desire of one who failed to die by hanging, building towards a statement about the impotence of language in the face of suicidal despair, repeating Frame’s words in bold. Pieced together by the reader, these words are now addressed to the protagonist’s relatives. For all its clarity of description, this poem is deeply fissured by the double vision of a narrator burdened or blessed with an intimate knowledge of her subject matter. Here, as elsewhere, wry wit undercuts despair.

The third section of Smith’s book, ‘Safina,’ provides relief from the emotionally demanding ‘Goodbye, Cruel’ via two tales of ill-fated love with reference to the tenth century poetess Rabi’a Balkhi’s true life story and Zuleika’s destiny as related in the Bible and evoked by Dante’s eight circles of hell. Bridging East and West in a meditation on death, Smith uses her characteristic sense of humour to give two women a voice across time.

The most distinctive feature of section four, ‘Riverine’, is its poetics of location. The speaking subject is situated both in an anaesthetised present and also the wilderness places of childhood memory. This liminal space constitutes the narrator’s home ground in imagination and memory. Here location markers are specific, as though charting an effort of subjective relocation which also forms the matter and structures the patterns of ‘Endtime.’ Again, the realism in these poems hides its own duplicities, for the landscape in the first, and cityscape in the second also shadow the psychic territory of grief, anguish, desire.

The ‘I’ in this collection travels in time and space, providing in ‘Somewhere in particular’ both a ‘Satellite View’ and a ‘Street View.’ As mentioned at the outset, Smith’s autobiographical ‘I’ is above all a shape-changer, and the last poem, ‘the bone tree,’ celebrates a kind of homecoming in a different dimension of subjective reality:

in the bare blue air of my dream
there is a bone tree growing

it may not know where I have been
but it knows where I am going

Members Only silences the autobiographical ‘I’ often muted or ghosted in Goodbye, Cruel. The first person is clearly excluded here, because it speaks the language of power granted by a long tradition of white male fantasising, all the better to query authority. The book grew out of a cross-disciplinary collaborative project undertaken at Old Parliament House in Canberra with artist Caren Florance, who is, among other things, publications designer at Recent Work Press. The collaboration yielded a text installation titled ‘Be Spoken To’, a print-performed letterpress artists’ book as well as original poems and cut-ups poems in response to the historic building’s furnishings.

Posted in BOOK REVIEWS | Tagged , ,

Submission to Cordite 86: NO THEME VII

No Theme VIImage by Nicholas Walton-Healey

Poetry for Cordite 86: NO THEME VII is guest-edited by Lisa Gorton

Send us work that is hugely politic. Go for your life.

This project is supported by the City of Melbourne 2018 Annual Arts Grants Program.


Submit poems (prose, comics, visual, concrete) or works of micro-fiction (500 words maximum). Read more about submitting to Cordite Poetry Review. Please note:

1. We will only read submissions sent during our official submission periods.

2. Cordite maintains a hybrid submissions policy. This means that the guest editor may invite five (5) Australian and five (5) overseas authors directly to submit to the issue. In addition, the guest-editor will anonymously select an additional 30-35 works from Australian authors and use their discretion to select further overseas works. For each issue, the guest editor does not know the identities of the online contributors (via Submittable) until after the final selections have been made.

3. Simultaneous submissions or previously published material will not be considered. This includes works published in print and web journals but does not apply to material first published on personal blogs.

4. Please place up to three (3) poems in one (1) Word, RTF or PDF document (unless specifically noted otherwise for special issues), with no identifying details in the document itself.

5. We are not able to offer feedback on individual poems.

6. Submissions will only be accepted via Submittable …

submit


Posted in GUNCOTTON | Tagged

The 2018 Event Horizon of Micro Press Poetry Publishing in Australia

An abridged version of this report,‘They will oxidise before you even finish reading’, first appeared in Overland 227. It is reproduced here with kind permission from the editor. It is an ur-follow-up to ‘Australian Print Poetry and the Small Press: Who’s Doing the Books?’ published in this journal in 2012.


I begin with cosmic censorship conjecture, a formally observed tête-à-tête that coils between astrophysicists whenever they get worked up over space and matter. Einstein’s theory of general relativity predicts that matter can cataclysmically implode to a state where a given density and the space-time curvature split towards infinite values. This is referred to as a singularity, and is, for our purposes, a distillation of how a black hole forms. If our sun were compressed to have a radius of 3 km, instead of its roomier 695,700 km, yet sporting the same oomph, then here we’d be. Extending out from a black hole’s near-unfathomably dense centre and extraordinary gravity is a finite volume of space that ends in an event horizon: a demarcation – a line in the cosmic sands – from which nothing inside can escape: rock, metal, Judas Priest, photons, alliteration, and so on. The closer that matter gets to a singularity, the more the laws of physics (as humans have defined them) fail, no longer compute, or completely dissipate. It has been proposed that a grip of physical governance must be afoot, defining how much this volume is and why it’s there at all. Hence … the conjecture.

Now, to superimpose my rudimentary take on astrophysics onto the heavens of Australian poetry, there have been a number of singularities – literary black holes, far from vacuous, and dense with the churning storms of career prestige and literary recognition – of late: John Kinsella’s The turnrow Anthology of Contemporary Australian Poetry; the Langford, Beveridge, Johnson and Musgrave firm’s Contemporary Australian Poetry; John Leonard’s The Puncher and Wattmann Anthology of Australian Poetry; Tracy Ryan and John Kinsella’s The Fremantle Press Anthology of Western Australian Poetry; annual tractor beams of Best Australian Poetry; the perplexingly unsung Contemporary Australian Feminist Poetry, edited by Bonny Cassidy and Jessica Wilkinson; and Cordite Publishing Inc.’s own 20 Poets. These are the tomes that Australia’s trade market masses will assume as benchmarks. No set of publishing laws govern them. Their commonality is that they are zeitgeist end zones – even if some of these publications suffer from hyperopia or are plainly myopic, their recent creation still necessitated creators to reverse engineer who were the special young poets in 1993, what was best-of in 2007, who was Wheat Belt – worthy and, ostensibly, why – that attempt to plot the wending trajectory of our national poetic at qualified intervals. They are the literary apotheoses – tumbling batteries of black holes and resultant event horizons – proffered by small press publishers. These anthologies have one lever of (literary) physics that matter does not: editors. Yes, this is an important variable. Yet, blithely, I set aside this distinction henceforth. To keep things simpler, I aggregate these anthologies into one meta-singularity, a cluster of literary black holes, for a primary reference point. Make no mistake, the gravity of these anthologies is required and important. How does their power pull on creative intention and professional function? Where does that begin, and in what format?

It is from this point that I will attempt to calculate what and where Australian poetry’s 2018 event horizon is / will be: two markers in the firmament of our language, and what is going on near the more diffuse end. To do so, I will chart a sample of micro-publishing activities, occurring now, and with elements representative of what could have coordinates inside or beyond my proposed event horizon. This delineation is one I mark where the trajectory of a careerist path in literature, its relative expanding audience and, most importantly, the types of publications the work is travelling on, irresistibly gravitate toward the singularity. Alternatively, this exploration identifies a few instances where these physics have a more tenuous hold, if any at all.

We must also abate the charley horse of panic in regards to who is appearing where and in what publisher’s singularities and for how many pages – this detail will fully compute to a publisher / editor only, no matter what their coordinates. I will mention author names, but will make no judgements on the quality of writing being produced. The distance between the event horizon and the singularity – hypocenter of the generative black hole – is absolutely not a representative scale of literary quality. It is my proposed calibration of a literary work’s big bang moment and subsequent potential – not unfettered from a writer’s (or writers’) peers’ expectations of that work – for its ‘mass’, warranted or purported, to increase from accolades bestowed upon it, transmogrifying it from writing identified simply as a creative act into a national literature-defining touchstone. Regarding pages, I want to further constrain my focus to stand alone, offline capable, typeset publications, whether they eventuate on paper or in portable document format. Once I cut into and explore the ensuing projects, they will oxidise before you even finish reading this. That’s what makes micro-press publishing, specifically of poetry, exciting.

Lightening up and moving on, then, to Canberra: here we have the burgeoning presence of the International Poetry Studies Institute (IPSI), keeper of Axon: Creative Explorations. It’s the brainchild of Jenn Webb and Paul Hetherington, with UK poet Paul Munden, a Postdoctoral Research Fellow there at University of Canberra in a directorial role. It offers disclaimers such as, ‘IPSI is a scholarly and non-commercial institute of poetry and research into poetry under the auspices of the University of Canberra. Use of the acronym IPSI does not imply any connection with or endorsement by products, services or organisations that use the same acronym.’ This obfuscates an organisational chain of command, ensures that university machinations grind in there, somewhere, both leaving a reader flummoxed. Perhaps this is simply to avoid association with the International Peace & Security Institute, Independent Packing Services, Inc. or the International Partnership for the Satoyama Initiative. But it is clear that this triumvirate has been up to a great deal of welcome barnstorming through Australian poetics through this facility, and, outwardly, they appear to enjoy a comparatively generous budget to do so.

The association between IPSI and Canberra-based Recent Work Press is also a little murky, and whether this small press enjoys the connections of IPSI’s programming nous by proximity or not. I pose this question here as this is the only example I’ll explore where the gravity of a university looms large. Recent Work Press is a poetry-focused outfit with a publisher, the indefatigable Shane Strange, committed to pushing Canberra and its stock of poets to our literary fore. It began with, and continues to produce, a line of well-made, sharp-looking chapbooks that roam effortlessly between prominent international writers – Simon Armitage, Tusiata Avia – and selected Australian writers who call ACT home such as Niloofar Fanaiyan. Where the chapbook series eschews ACT, a newer line of full-length collections takes care of its regional own: Subhash Jaireth and Owen Bullock, as examples.

Further, a new line of artist poetry books was announced in May 2017. This is a collaborative effort with a hand-letterpress outfit named Ampersand Duck, aka Caren Florance, who is also responsible for the rather fetching haircut of the aforementioned chapbook series. Florance’s considerable talents, interests and projects place her in-step with Alan Loney’s Electio Editions in Melbourne and Angela Gardner’s deliberately lower-cased light-trap press. There in Canberra, from the primordial bath of ‘local community’ and more recent arrivals, a unique mix of talent has converged to jump-start an active poetry publishing scene, and the joie de vivre of it all keeps the current goings-on parked closer to our event horizon than what a singularity portends. That may come and, with no truck against ambition, I get a stronger sense of a regional literary scene – moored in ACT yet wise to the world – absolutely going off. Here, for now, the right poetry champions and dedicated producers have coincided to foster this fecund bastion. This is not unique to Canberra, but it is having its moment, and I hope it remains.

Posted in ESSAYS | Tagged

David Dick Reviews Emily Crocker, Allison Gallagher and Aisyah Shah Idil

Girls and Buoyant by Emily Crocker
Subbed in, 2017

Parenthetical Bodies by Allison Gallagher
Subbed in, 2017

The Naming by Aisyah Shah Idil
Subbed in, 2017


I am always struck by the immense variability of human experience; the little and big differences that amount to the conditions of our individual and collective identities. The task of poetry is to write this nebulous, subjective humanity, while also probing the inefficiencies of the language we have to create and understand something so frustratingly out of grasp. How to apply an ostensibly tangible tool to an intangible quality? For instance, if we write emotion, or an emotion, as a word, it becomes incased in the materiality of language, becomes material itself, and is removed from the intangibilities of its initial feeling. Feeling is of course still there, but its nuance is limited to the shape and familiarity of the word, to the different ways we know the word in our different real world encounters.

As poets, we can attempt to challenge this materiality to better align the word with the unspoken aspects of human experience: we can disjunct, blot, disperse, misspell, reduce to phoneme and sound, scribble in illegible handwriting, feed poetry through a computer, or create a language. But our language, along with the words, letters and sounds that feed it, remain tied to the world we experience, for it is through these objects that we can know and create the world. Poetry uses these tools, cognisant and embracing of their limitations, to examine our identity and place within the world.

Three new chapbooks published by the independent literary organisation, Subbed in, provide acute examples of newish, young poets trying to come to grips with this task of poetry in a time when language has become a noticeably loaded vessel of opinion and feeling. The Naming by Aisyah Shah Idil, Parenthetical Bodies by Allison Gallagher and Girls and Buoyant by Emily Crocker, all present a poetics of identity through the scope of the modern world they have evolved and exist within. Idil can hear an ‘adhan blaring / in a full train carriage, / a work meeting, an elevator’ whilst searching for a mobile phone, and Crocker complains about EFTPOS minimums. Gallagher, presumably responding to an internet meme or video, writes, ‘right now / i am a dog wearing sunglasses,’ capturing ideally the weightless aspect of being one can suffer when head deep in a social media sinkhole. Indeed, when so much communication occurs via the type of an email, instant message, Facebook update, Instagram hashtag or Tweet, what then happens to our language and our ability to decipher its meanings? At times, I cannot help but feel that the act of literary interpretation and analysis is today at an all-time premium. Who hasn’t slaved over the meaning of a message; been infuriated by a troll; laughed at a well-worded meme; wondered at the legitimacy of a Facebook update? As Gallagher writes in ‘something that resembles everything’: ‘let’s invent new languages out of old worlds, / freely broadcast its cacophony.’ Even the chapbook form appears to encapsulate digitally limited forms of expression – where 140 characters can make a president – that nonetheless carry almost infinite meanings and permutations in the action of expression itself. I can consume a chapbook the same way I would a text message; in an inhalation, followed by a retrospective curiosity of what its phrasing actually meant.

Yet, in particular, all three books examine concepts of femininity, shaped by the experiences the poets allow to peep through their poetry. How they write their femininity is unique to the style and personal history / moment / identity of each poet. They write it bodily, emotionally, via social media, dualistically, intellectually, through other people, about other people, against and with masculinity, in relation/distance to motherhood, about themselves, ideal and not – ‘she imagines something graceful / lying dormant under her skin’ (Gallagher, ‘Promise’). On one hand, Idil, writing so often of her mother and family, muses in ‘Flagbearer’: ‘I will be your woman/bearer // wombs moulded by // the pomegranate heads of babies’; while, on the other, Crocker, who is fascinated by the raw shape of things, describes her ‘lumpy forehead. The slots / between my lanky toes / seized by chunky joints’ (‘Gaps’). The female body is a subject, divested of the object words we use to describe. As Crocker wryly writes in ‘Fruit,’ ‘The quack mistook you for a boy,’ and it is through such misapprehensions that the poets can come to know their own characters, personalities, biology, whatever aspect gives them identity. Crocker continues later in the same poem, ‘That night, / my skull on your breastbone, our uteruses lay / back to back in begrudged silence at the / suggestion they should be in time now,’ and lays claim to her individuality, particularly within an implied sisterhood.

Posted in BOOK REVIEWS | Tagged , , ,

Ivy Ireland Reviews Petra White and Magdalena Ball

Reading for a Quiet Morning by Petra White
GloriaSMH Press, 2017

Unmaking Atoms by Magdalena Ball
Ginninderra Press, 2017


Approaching new work from such sharp, prolific and often dazzling poets as Magdalena Ball and Petra White is arguably no job for a quiet morning. Both White’s Reading for a Quiet Morning and Ball’s Unmaking Atoms demand (and duly reward) close attention. The perusal of such multi-layered, expansive texts is more suited, perhaps, to the intensity of early evenings, the drawn-out moments of twilight. For there is strident and persistent music erupting from both of these collections; sometimes it might seem serene, but more often the tune that floods out of the text feels more like an intense, liturgical dirge.

White’s mini-epic poem, ‘How the Temple Was Built’, which comprises the first half of her collection, reveals an authoritative voice delivering what feels like a Ted Hughes-inspired sermon on a new Ezekiel myth. The lens here, however, is distinctly female, the account feminist, and the protagonist, Ezekiel, the love-tortured, wife-haunted prophet who, like the bones he sees revivified, seems eternally ‘bruised with an ache / made not by the world.’ The imagery is often stark, always sublime and sometimes completely unexpected, bombarding the reader with free-flowing, often paradoxical image associations as we explore the ‘shimmery darkness’ residing inside a far too secular God. And all the while, humanity is being examined in turn by this same God: ‘What is a human. / Absorbed in their own existence / as the bees that bristle the air.’

In this study of prophetic vision and new mythology, the process of creation is a mess:

He made, oh what order did he make it in?
Time, space, darkness, light, air, water, earth.
Kicked off by sudden expansion
of something out of nothing.
A whole second he devoted to galaxies,
gleaning himself into the rip of black holes.
Planets cascaded like ash from his sleeve.
It quickly went out of control.
Everything started creating itself.

And the creator, insecure: ‘I barely recognise / the people I made. Am I God?’

Esther, the fictitious wife of Ezekiel (not to be confused with the Esther of the Old Testament), is arguably the most fascinating character in this plethora of biblical curios. Reinvented after revealing ‘the white wings of her death’, Esther becomes an angelic or goddess-like figure. ‘Bright light … bleeds and cries into the corners of the weak woman, the love machine, / she who falters,’ as Esther is metamorphosed from mourned wife into a type of foil to God, or at least the one who ‘lingers in the dark leftovers of Paradise’, berating the questioning, self-pitying, remorseful creator: ‘You fool, the world is / sweet birdsong and gross battle.’ The tone throughout is playful yet the subject matter is anything but. And the mythology surrounding Esther is both poignant and haunting:

She shivers in her wings. She is like a human
with no human part. Human enough to feel
all the grief, the waiting. Having to be somebody
in the face of nothing.

Indeed, this entire mini-epic is haunted. Ezekiel is haunted by God, yet also by the wifely expression of Esther; God is haunted by the goddess face of Esther; and Esther is haunted by the ghost of own self – the ‘mortal immortal’.

On facing what could be yet another reimagined quasi-biblical Miltonesque epic poem, the potential reader might well balk, but any speculative reservations are soon overcome by the sheer authority and gravity of White’s voice, by the elegiac music of the driving rhythms, by the authenticity of the characterisations (and, yes, this is a poem that concerns itself strongly with characterisation) and the potency of the imagery.

Faced with the difficult task of following this leviathan, the second section of Reading for a Quiet Morning, ‘Landscapes’, and the untitled third section of the collection, feel a little less cohesive and more bowerbird-like in terms of thematic layering and context. There is, again, plenty of myth to be had here, and not a little reimagining of it. We see a pining Jocasta naming herself, ‘A thing that was happened to’; the Sphinx’ the fantastical female executioner of Anne Boleyn; and inspired versions of Rilke’s old favourites. And yet there are simple, domestic relationship concerns here and social occasions ranging from weddings to funerals. In ‘The voice of Doom’, however, the fierce and recurrent concern of this collection is unearthed: ‘Love / that is made of words, / will be made of words that can be eaten,’ and we witness the vast aching void of word-eating especially in the elegiac ‘Filial’:

I unpick the stitches 
of love from my coat and try to separate it 
from the facts.
She survived her life but she was wrong,
call that a fact that crawls like an ant
away from the poem.

In ‘Filial’, a staggering sense of loss is consumed by the intensity of the imagery, or is perhaps subsumed in the fierce and wretched voice of longing for else or other. Yet the quest to move past it all, and an appreciation for those that can, is even more palpable in ‘The Seeming’, one of the collection’s shortest yet strongest poems:

she travels through the day half-mad,
one foot in front of the other.
People are marvellous, 
those who go about their business.

This poem concludes: ‘Something makes them surge.’ That same ‘Something’ makes this entire collection surge; these poems are lit up and muse-inspired, mini Ezekiels all in the face of baffling Gods.

Magdelena Ball’s Unmaking Atoms grapples with a similar staggering sense of personal loss, mapping out the profundity of grief-altered states of being. This collection reveals a quirky (dare it be said) science-based spirituality, and enquires into what it means to be, and to continue to simply be, in the midst of trauma. The poem, ‘Beginner’s Mind’, succinctly dissects the struggle to continue:

If I weren’t here, sitting stock still
counting intake and outtake of breath
with each bony click
that says “still alive”
but not quite living
I could be on my way somewhere
this even respiration turned ragged gasp
running, like Buddha himself
into glory, like you did
lips parted in ultimate freedom
leaving me with all this
responsibility
all this breath.

The poems of Unmaking Atoms, while on the surface exploring a penchant for the endless bifurcations of astrophysics, Buddhist spirituality and contemporary psychology, more aptly grapple with what it is to be human in a world dealing with its own extinctions and loss of foreseeable futures. In this collection, grief, both horribly personal yet also global, is coupled with a sense of wonder at the endless continuation that occurs in the aftermath of devastation. Divided into seven sections, these ambitious poems tackle everything from mirror neurons to hieroglyphics, leaving space in between for meetings with both private ghosts and a haunted ecology.

There is much to love in this collection that, though lengthy, never feels overwrought. The Australian bushland settings of some poems feel familiar and almost comfortable, from forest scenes such as in ‘Mirror Neurons’, where we feel the ‘eucalyptus crunch / choir of bats, owls, wuk-wuk’, to the beloved ‘Redhead Beach’, where we can bask in well-loved landscapes:

the water hitting the shore
in patterns fully familiar
the rocky outcrops
shark tower

Other poems such as ‘Absences’ take us into dreamscapes as far away as the afterlife:

I’m not really there
but your ghost bleeds
through the rooms
trailing my lacuna with milky
vapour, like ghosts do,
all ectoplasm and wind
your body given up to longing
ten thousand miles
away across time
Posted in BOOK REVIEWS | Tagged , ,

Prithvi Varatharajan Reviews Arvind Krishna Mehrotra

Collected Poems by Arvind Krishna Mehrotra
Giramondo Publishing, 2016


It can be daunting to survey a poet’s life work: there is the temptation to ‘make sense’ of the work as one coherent picture – to see it steadily developing in one trajectory, or honing one aesthetic (with deviations from this measured and marked) – or else as containing discreet phases which have beginnings and ends. While this impulse can be insightful in the right instance, it can also gloss over a diversity of approaches, corralling aberrant poems into categorical coves. In reviewing the Collected Poems of Arvind Krishna Mehrotra, I have let myself see patterns across time when they occur, without being constrained by expectation – although the array of aesthetics in Mehrotra’s poetry encourages the desire to look for patterns.

This collection presents a substantial body of work by one of India’s most renowned contemporary poets. It includes selections from Mehrotra’s four original poetry collections –Nine Enclosures (1976), Distance in Statute Miles (1982), Middle Earth (1984) and The Transfiguring Places (1998) – along with uncollected poems, a significant number of new ones, and Mehrotra’s translations of old and new Indian verse. The translations make up a quarter of the book, and include ancient Prakrit love poetry; the songs of the fifteenth century iconoclastic Bhakti poet, Kabir; and work by modern and contemporary Indian poets Nirala, Shakti Chattopadhyay, Vinod Kumar Shukla, Pavankumar Jain, and Mangalesh Dabral. The range of the book’s content reflects Mehrotra’s compulsion to dive into anything that interests him – from surrealism and Beat poetry to mystic songs.

The book opens with an author’s note:

Just as some children when they grow up want to become snake charmers or railway engine drivers, I wanted at seventeen when I started writing to become a book. Not any book but a volume in, say, the Arden Shakespeare, or one in the uniform edition in the works of Walter Scott. The latter held particular appeal because it covered from end to end an entire shelf of my uncle’s library, the books standing to attention like a platoon of soldiers in green jackets with gold buttons.

This arresting image offers a twist on the adolescent fantasy of ‘being a writer.’ Mehrotra’s desire to be bookish (a metamorphosis that is both quotidian and fantastic) foreshadows the interactions between self and things in the poems that follow. Such respect for objects – whether book, potato, cell phone, bra, ant, wash basin, the list goes on – is evident across Mehrotra’s poetry. Surrealism is a useful context in which to read the progression of Mehrotra’s work. As he notes, ‘For me who started writing in the 1960s, the discovery of surrealism helped resolve the awful contradictions between the world I wanted to write about, the world of dentists and chemist shops, and the language, English, I wanted to write in.’ Surrealism allowed Mehrotra to accommodate his own reality – in Allahabad, in Uttar Pradesh in the north of India – to English literary language, with its dominant (realist) representational uses, and its associations with British and American landscapes and subjects.

The other context useful for tracking Mehrotra’s trajectory is his keen interest in modern American poetry: ‘the American speech I now heard (in the Penguin Modern Poets 5, published in 1963) seemed closer to our everyday English in Allahabad than anything I’d read before.’ The implication is that both uses of English were fresh, and therefore suited to each other. The influence of modern American poetry is evident from the earliest work presented in the Collected Poems. ‘Ballad of the Black Feringhee’ (in ‘Uncollected Poems 1972-1974’) begins with an epigraph by the American Objectivist poet Carl Rakosi:

I would rather sing folk songs against injustice
and sound like ash cans in the early morning
or bark like a wolf
from the open doorway of a red-hot freight
than sit like Chopin on my exquisite ass.

Rakosi’s voice is direct, fierce, and anti-pretention: qualities that appealed to the young Mehrotra. In poems such as ‘On the Death of a Sunday Painter,’ Mehrotra admonishes through satire genteel artists who don’t get their hands dirty, and who remain aloof from their subjects. This is an affectation that Mehrotra is fond of, and that’s also conveyed in the striking cover image of the grey-haired poet inhaling a lit cigarette (the ash at the tip out of focus, the cigarette’s ring of fire burning towards him) while staring directly at the camera lens. The poet’s eyes are clear and hard, suggesting an appraising relationship with the world.

‘Ballad of the Black Feringhee’ is an Indian version of Allen Ginsberg’s ‘America’ (1956). While both poems feature a rambling narrator, Ginsberg’s poem is characterised by its political overtones and anger, in contrast to the quiet melancholy of the former. Feringee is a derogatory term for an outsider in India, particularly one with white skin. A black feringee suggests the archaic use of the term, to mean someone of Indian-Portuguese parentage. The poem is playful in the early and middle sections before melancholy creeps in. The ending combines these moods:

India your police stations are little Siberias
India when they come for me I’ll put on a clean shirt
[…]
India there’s no need to hide your large teeth
India what a big nose you have
India remember the pile of ash on Mandelstam’s left shoulder
India don’t destroy yourself in slow motion.

The introduction of fairy tale (Little Red Riding Hood) into the end of this poem about India, inspired by an iconic poem about America, shows the heterogeneity of Mehrotra’s imagination. In these early poems we see the shaping of a voice through the interplay of an American idiom, surrealism, and a visual, object-oriented aesthetic, all carried by a measured yet informal diction. This poetic rucksack (travel is an ever-present theme in the Collected Poems, as I explore below) is capacious enough to hold poetic monologues (‘Songs of the Ganga’, ‘Remarks of an Early Biographer’), tender poems about family (‘Continuities’, Genealogies’, ‘Canticle for my Son’), domestic poems, poems about street life, the occasional villanelle or ballad, and lists.

In the beginning sections of the book, including uncollected work as well as Nine Enclosures and Distance in Statute Miles, startling surrealist images present themselves casually. For instance, ‘I / must … / straighten my eye with a hammer’ in ‘Between Bricks, Madness’, which sees the world of labour as strange and dreamlike:

[…] when a naked man
a flat-eyed goat on his back
dances upon the steps of sunset

Such lines evoke the great surrealist painters. In ‘Songs of the Ganga,’ the poet tells us, ‘From the leopard [I learn] / how to cover the sun / With spots’. This poem is an interesting case of surrealism working in tandem with Hindu mythology, where the river Ganga (Anglicised as Ganges) is routinely personified as a goddess. The poem begins:

I am Ganga
[…]
I am the plains
I am the foothills
I carry the wishes of my streams
To the sea

I am both man and woman

To me the poem critiques western art categories, challenging them to accommodate religious mythology. This poem is representative not only of the surrealist monologue in Mehrotra’s work, but also of the list poem, which can be explained by his way of being in the world: in the Collected we encounter the poet as botanist, taxonomer, geographer, cartographer, mythographer, naming and numbering the things in his environment. We’re shown the poet in action in this mode in ‘Classification,’ which begins with plants – ‘Are trees vertebrate? Spikenards are’ – before moving on to bones.

Posted in BOOK REVIEWS | Tagged

Phillip Hall Reviews Quinn Eades and Gabrielle Everall

Rallying by Quinn Eades
UWA Publishing, 2017

Les Belles Lettres by Gabrielle Everall
General Chaos Publishing / Girls on Key, 2017


St Ignatius of Loyola is supposed to have said: ‘Give me a boy until the age of seven, and I will own the man’. Well, the Baptists had me for a lot longer than my first seven years, and subsequently, I have lived a most conventional life. My politics might be progressive but my instincts are terribly conservative. These two books are indispensable because, in bearing witness to the scarring caused by homophobia, inequality and unsafe socialisation, they disrupt prejudice, including my own, and celebrate plurality. Eades and Everall are not just great poets. They are buoys of hope.

In his recent launch speech for Alan Wearne’s These Things Are Real, at Melbourne’s Collected Works Bookshop, Philip Salom praised Wearne for having the courage to go out into the world, thus rejecting contemporary poetry’s obsession with the self. Now, Wearne writes unforgettable dramatic monologues, creating actors that fizz with all the messiness and glory of life, but he is not a psychologist or confessor, and one could argue that all his creations are in fact versions of himself. Ultimately, what we are all left with is our own way of being in this thorny world. This is perhaps what the Melbourne singer-songwriter and poet, Brendan Bonsack, had in mind recently when he posted on Facebook about writing the ‘I’ in poetry. In his post, Bonsack included this gem by the indomitable Ania Walwicz: ‘I want to be a camera. I want to catch my life. And keep it’. Both Quinn Eades and Gabrielle Everall accept this challenge by Walwicz, and while they have very different approaches to writing ‘the self’, their poetry shines with all the dramatic tensions and juxtapositions of Wearne.

Eades employs little of Everall’s dazzling and far-ranging techniques of imagery and historical allusion, but the way in which he centres his highly fraught and revealing recounts in such direct and plain language are remarkable. In ‘Echo’ Eades writes:

Repetition. When I take away punctuation I move to repetition.
Like this.

What is missing when I write my child
hood what I leave out is
what should come what I leave
out is what should come out from
this pen this pen writes what is missing

when I write my child
hood without punctuation I resort 
to repetition which is also reiteration this
happened this
happened this
happened stop repeating yourself is what
I think because what is repetition but an echo why
do you ache towards echo

There is desperation in these lines; a searching and precise awkwardness captured in those skilfully managed line divisions. The obliterated punctuation markers signal such vulnerability to the damaging and often-repeated injustices inflicted on a child unable to conform to expectations. This is poetry as a bullied kid’s angst. And while the adult ‘Quinn’ might know that it is worth hanging in there to the end, these poems often spin on the edge of self-harm and excruciating pain. Eades tells us elsewhere that in this ‘ache towards echo’ he learnt to ‘carry himself like a wound’: ‘I learnt loneliness better than I knew my own skin. I wanted to sleep, and sleep, and sleep. Everything I was, was emptiness and sleep’. Later he reads Sylvia Plath who writes: ‘the blood jet is poetry’ and knows that he must offer this correction:

blood doesn’t jet it seeps it leaves traces on brick, on iron, on wood it pushes up through the bandage weave it holds the wound redly open it congeals and remembers night alley the thunk of the body against surfaces that do not give

But self-harming is only part of the story. Eades adopts the name of ‘Quinn’, after giving birth to children, after the hysterectomy, ‘after she couldn’t stay at one end of the gender binary anymore’. Eades tells us:

In the beginning it feels important for all of them to call her
by her next chosen name, but she doesn’t insist. She waits. She
writes. She slides. She pauses the hunt for the next name. She takes
them all. She is
PK/Francis/Stevie/Rayne/Persephone/Sarah/Mama/Karina/Quin
n. She takes them all and holds them inside her skin. She is all
names, for herself: she is no one named.

body under blanket gaps in gums gone the mattress is off the floor the children unfold writing is written baths are taken each name holds its own

It is this calling, this naming, that changes she to he. Because Quinn is the name that is next, that is last.
Posted in BOOK REVIEWS | Tagged , ,

Alex Kostas Reviews Dina Amantides, Anna Couani, Zeny Giles, George Vassilacopoulos, Erma Vassiliou and Dimitris Troaditis

Fragile World / Εύθραυστος Κόσμος by Dina Amantides
Owl Publishing, 2017

Desire by Erma Vassiliou
Owl Publishing, 2017

the pleasure of exile / η ηδονή της εξορίας by George Vassilacopoulos
Owl Publishing, 2017

thinking process by Anna Couani
Owl Publishing, 2017

Parables by Zeny Giles
Owl Publishing, 2017

Tightrope Walking / Ακροβασίες by Dimitris Troaditis
Owl Publishing, 2017


Owl Publishing is an independent press founded in June 1992 by Helen Nickas, a former lecturer in Greek Studies at La Trobe University. Owl’s overarching purpose is to publish a selection of literary works by Greek-Australians in pursuit of more diverse Australian literature, and it is run as a not-for-profit undertaking. In Nickas’s belief, Greek-Australians have a dual vision of the world, and their writing contributes something important to the Australian literary environment. Indeed, in the past quarter-century, Owl Publishing and the writers it has championed have explored many aspects of the modern Greek diaspora.

In 2014, Owl launched a series of chapbooks to showcase the diverse range of poetry being produced by both emerging and established Greek-Australian poets. The chapbook series’ editorial board consists of Peter Lyssiotis, Helen Nickas, and N N Trakakis, and each of the nine works published so far is by a different Greek-Australian poet, each at different career stages. This month I had the pleasure of reading and reviewing the most recent six chapbooks in the series. Like other works published by Owl, some of the chapbooks are published in bilingual form, while others are in English only, depending on the poet’s own history and artistic choices. Below I will focus on each of the six chapbooks, but the overriding purpose of this series is important to understand, as each individual book hangs together in a kind tangled orrery of modern Greek-Australian poetry. In my view they form more than the sum of their parts as a constellation that depicts the modern Greek-Australian experience, and which also gives a view into the wider Australian experience.

Fragile World is a collection of epigrams by Dina Amantides. A distillation of her skills as a poet of minimalism, her epigrams unfold in no particular order and reel off one after another with breathless abandon. These poems tackle large concepts with as few words as possible, showcasing the unique ability of well-written poetry to communicate much with little.

Each poem was translated into English by Amantides’s husband, Kyriakos Amantides, which adds another level to reading this chapbook. Each epigram figures, then, as a letter between a married couple, rendering the act of translation even more intimate. Amantides’s epigrams are also engagements with mythology. Throughout her poems we see grand concepts personified, as the ancients did: Fury, Life, Death, Memory, Greece, the World, or God. As Amantides writes in ‘My Greece’:

I carry the whole
of Greece in my heart.

To the point I will suffocate 
by her weight.

To personify Greece is not to simply identify with a physical landmass. Like many of the poets featured by Owl, Amantides’s identity and writing is rooted in Greek tradition, in ancient myths and classical dramas. Indeed, so much of Western writing is based upon techniques and structures first established by the Greek civilisation. When Amantides feels Greece’s ‘weight’, she is feeling the entirety of Greece’s culture and its tumultuous history, and even further, Greece’s immense influence in the Western world. As a Greek-Australian writer, this can be a suffocating reality, and it is one that Amantides strives well to overcome and build upon.

Erma Vassiliou has been a prolific writer in the Greek publishing world for a long time, having published much of her work under her own imprint, Aphrodite Editions. It is a pleasure to be able to read some of her best works in English for the first time in Desire. Vassiliou’s unique voice manifests in each of her poems, many of them registering a natural speaking cadence through punctuation and line breaks. Her subjects are often personal, drawing from Vassiliou’s life experiences and inner dialogues. In ‘Retro’, the reader is drawn into a delicate and personal letter to someone dearly loved:

and here you are. with your moment of grace
sitting next to me, tired and thirsty
with your suit that needs ironing
it needs handcuffs to stay,
without a movement in my presence.

The longing that Vassiliou manages to convey in only a few lines is stunning and the imagery is lasting: a ‘moment of grace’ that needs ‘handcuffs to stay / without a movement’. As Helen Nickas writes in her introduction to this chapbook, Vassiliou is a flamboyant writer. Her poems vary in topics and themes, drawing heavily on the mythical and the religious – an interesting combination of paganism and orthodoxy that is distinctly Greek.

What George Vassilacopoulos attempts in the pleasure of exile is ambitious to say the least, as is the task attempted by his assistant translators (Toula Vassilacopoulos and Peter Lyssiotis). They each collaborate and negotiate the potency of silence, the force that creates gaps but also adds weight to the words that remain in the poem. However, Vassilacopoulos’ pursuit of space, the intervals between complex and difficult concepts, comes through clearly in this collection. Both the poet and his translators are to be commended for what they have achieved. One of my favourite poems of the entire series appears in this particular chapbook, untitled as all of Vassilacopoulos’ poems are. The poem begins:

your kisses – 
sacked temples

my caresses –
abandoned psalms

This is typical of Vassilacopoulos’s style: the gaps in the poem immediately raise questions. Does the speaker say that the kisses sacked the temples and the caresses abandoned the psalms? Or is the speaker saying that the kisses are like sacked temples, the caresses like abandoned psalms? Either interpretation completely changes the reading of the poem, and it seems likely Vassilacopoulous is activating the ambivalence of language and syntax to create a valency in the reader – is the love shared between the speaker and his lover something to be admired, or is it something that is destructive?

Anna Couani is a writer, artist, and teacher. In thinking process, the poet centres on the process of making art, producing an insider’s ekphrasis as a poet uniquely placed to write about the experience of art-making. How a work of art changes as it grows speaks not only of the artist, but also of the aleatory nature of art itself:

iris petals took on the colour
of the ivory paper
the colour of condensed milk
but demanded to be white
[…]
with bamboo pen	
on khadi paper
it wasn’t meant to be a painting

Like Couani, Zeny Giles writes from experience – in this case casting the imagination to the past to focus on growing up as a first-generation Greek Australian. Giles also examines the lived experiences of her parents’ generation, the first major wave of migrants from Greece to Australia. In fact, Giles was one of the first women of Greek descent to write about the Greek-Australian migrant experience; her first novel Between Two Worlds was published in 1981. In Parables, Giles showcases her personal experiences in verse, weaving abstract ideas with threads of reality. Many of Giles’s poems focus on the tangible: yarn, clothes, sheets. The poems deftly avoid sentimentality while remaining focussed on love and its mirror, loss. Far from being religious stories, Giles’s parables involve secular objects and invoke unpretentious narrative truths:

We are left
listening to your beloved Bach
and reading over and over your story.
Posted in BOOK REVIEWS | Tagged , , , , , , ,

sun square on stomach

the charming ring of blinds
I mount the feeling with staggering reluctance,
stumble on the threshold, trip my gown
howm I gonna robiticise this sentence and get

snapcash deposit *now*
I DON’T MEAN RHINESTONES
a plasty will do just fine doctor all I need is another
wound lol
should soften me somewhat
backfoot lie down clean sheet scrub toe organic
cuticle brush
the cis bitch has it so why not?
I will fashion a key unlike any portal ever made
I will cock pit and boiler room and cellar door til
all my cows come home
til the rains, and winter, and equinox, and the
eclipse in my sign (♒♐)
retirement is never and it’s a privilege to get old
beautiful.
Rinse and repeat–take it on–wellness

Light is coming in the backyard and hits cockleshell,
gecko head, plush kmart robe
and green tea evaporates out of the mug that says
“65 and it still works”

Posted in QUEERING MODES | Tagged

MATHEMATICS Editorial

Mathematics
Photograph by Tim Grey

I was already quite a few years into a creative writing PhD titled ‘Generic Engineering’ and flailing around quite spectacularly in a galaxy of words when an academic friend, perhaps hoping to spare me the indignity of a completed thesis and potential employment, flipped to the middle of the 526-page book he was reading. Wordlessly, pointed to a single sentence. ‘Due to a predilection whose origin I will leave it up to the reader to determine,’ it read, ‘I will choose the symbol ♀ for this inscription.’ The symbol had been summoned to designate what the writer called ‘generic multiple’. The generic, the writer noted, is ‘the adjective retained by mathematicians to designate the indiscernible, the absolutely indeterminate’. Another PhD student who was in the room sniggered, disparagingly, I thought, as if dubious that I could be capable of understanding what had been read aloud. In retrospect it was more likely a beleaguered exhalation, a stockpile for the future, of sympathy and despair.

I abandoned almost everything I’d been reading and writing so far and began trying to write my way through Alain Badiou’s Being and Event. Badiou’s grand (and, for some, controversial) innovation is to have substituted language for mathematics as the least compromised way of engaging with the philosophical problems of truth, being, and the infinite. Attempting to understand even the most basic implications of this move turned out to be an impossible endeavor, one that I was impelled to confront afresh on a daily basis for a number of years. In the midst of all of this, I began to write poems. I have heard that reading philosophy can sometimes have this effect.

I still don’t know how to ‘do’ mathematics but in reading through the twelve hundred or so poems submitted to this special issue of Cordite I was looking for traces of the various ways in which it can make its presence felt. Sometimes a physical reaction was all it took to make a decision. In other instances, where I couldn’t have quite articulated what was taking place, I relied on a kind of spatial recognition. Some of the more straightforward lyric poems were compelling for the subtle, inventive, and indirect ways in which they summoned mathematical formulations. Others tugged at long-buried memories of theoretical significances that only occurred to me later, randomly or upon considerable reflection. Certain poems were selected because I liked the way they sounded and it was only afterwards, following fortuitous discussions with their authors, that I discovered their intellectual scope.

Ann Vickery’s ‘In Confederates We Couple’ conjures an iconic poet’s ‘lexicons’ and ‘logarithms’ and offers additional rewards for code-cracking, archive-dwelling readers. Pascalle Burton’s ‘After Michael Winkler’s ‘Where Signs Resemble Thoughts” elaborates on the American conceptual artist’s graphological innovation in which letters of the alphabet are plotted around the circumference of a circle and particular letters are linked by lines to create seismographic word visualisations. Burton’s extension of Winkler’s premise invites the reader to perform a cognitive exercise, one that has physical and psycho-social resonances reminiscent of Yoko Ono’s instruction paintings.

In ‘The Pavanne for Hanne Darboven’, A J Carruthers draws on the precepts of Darboven’s ‘Mathematical Music’ in which accumulated series of numbers are assigned notes in the creation of musical scores. Carruthers supplements this technique with images from Darboven’s artworks to provide a contribution to the library of performable conceptual compositions. The homage can be viewed as a more complicated performance of Dickinson’s famous lines – ‘I died for beauty but was scarce / Adjusted in the tomb, / When one who died for truth was laid / In an adjoining room’. Carruthers re-makes Dickinson’s unimpeachable separation of poetry and mathematics and opens the field to more complex imbrications.

An article published recently in Quanta magazine reported on a 2016 advance made by mathematicians Maryanthe Malliaris and Saharon Shelah. The advancement solves two problems – one related to their initial inquiry into Jerome Keisler’s 1967 investigations into minimally and maximally complex mathematical theories, and another, the problem of ‘whether there exist infinities between the infinite size of the natural numbers and the larger infinite size of the real numbers.’ This problem is related to the continuum hypothesis, posed by Georg Cantor, the inventor of set theory, in 1878 and deemed unsolvable within set theory’s framework by Paul Cohen who invented the mathematical concept of forcing in 1963. As Justin Clemens writes, in ‘The Idea Takes Place As Place Itself, Expanded and Revised Edition with a New Foreword by the Author’

               Luckily 
                              no one was writing
poetry that year; it wouldn’t have come off well;
what poem can compare 
                              to something like that?

The article is well worth reading in its entirety but of particular interest to me here is the way in which Malliaris and Shelah stumbled onto their discovery. In his account of Badiou’s philosophical edifice, Norris explains how a subject’s fidelity to a generic truth procedure ‘can make room, via these concepts of the generic and indiscernible, for the advent of truths that as yet lie beyond the compass of achieved (or achievable) knowledge.’ What at first seems insoluble or paradoxical can be turned via Cohen’s technique of forcing ‘into a fully operative concept’. In proving that the two properties they were working on were both maximally complex, Malliaris and Shelah were also able to show that two infinities (p and t) that were thought to be of different sizes were in fact equal. They did this by ‘cutting a path between set theory and model theory’ in a move that deployed Paul Cohen’s method of ‘forcing’ to solve one of the remaining problems of the continuum hypothesis. The move is reminiscent (in terms of audacity if not scope) of Cantor’s realisation that ‘the scandal of the infinite – of a part that must somehow be conceived as equal to the whole – could in fact serve as its very definition or distinguishing mark.’1

Posted in ESSAYS | Tagged , , ,

Nighthawk, Part 1: Use of Additive Sequences for Generating a Cut-up Poem

Warren BurtImage courtesy of Catherine Schieve.

In 1973, I was a post-graduate student at the University of California, San Diego, working on my Master’s degree in music composition. My principle teacher at the time was Kenneth Gaburo, well known for his work in compositional linguistics which crossed boundaries between music, language, writing, performance, and dance. I was also very good friends with two fellow post-graduate students, Peter Gordon, composer, and Kathy Acker, writer, who at the time were partners. Kathy was mainly working with the performance poet David Antin at the time. Many were the late-night trips to VG’s Donut Shop in Carlsbad, California, in which Peter, Kathy and I discussed artistic issues that seemed quite urgent to us at the time. William S Burroughs, with his cut-up method, and the collage poetics of John Cage were both enormously influential on us, and Kathy introduced me to the work of Jackson Mac Low, who, many years later, I became friends with. And, as mentioned, both Gaburo’s and Antin’s experiments with language-based composition were very important to us.

Kathy’s 26th birthday was coming up, so I decided on methods I had been using for music composition to make a (what I thought would be) small present for her; a collage text of a number of sources that, for one reason or another, appealed to me. My main compositional activity at the time involved the use of random number sequences to create musical compositions. To do this I would create a set of rules which would determine the kind of random numbers that would be used, and how they would be applied. These sets of rules came to be known as ‘algorithms,’ and the kind of music was labelled ‘algorithmic composition.’ For me, this involved two kinds of composing – either making instrumental pieces which were realised as traditionally notated scores on paper (some of which, in performance, involved the use of improvisation), or using electronic musical instruments, setting up processes and patches of equipment on the machines themselves that allowed the machines a great deal of autonomy in producing music. Sometimes I would perform these machine processes live, allowing myself to improvisationally change some of the controls in real-time, altering the output of the process, in an early kind of interactive composition / improvisation with a machine-based partner.

For Kathy’s present, I decided to make two piles of books which contained text I might want to use, or which could provide found material that I would find amusing. I don’t remember what was in each pile, or all of the books used, but I do remember that among them were Roger Tory Petersen’s A Field Guide to the Birds of North America, Modulor I and II by Le Corbusier, various texts of William S Burroughs (of course), Seasoned Timber, a 1930s social realist novel by Dorothy Canfield, a 19th Century harmony textbook by Percy Goetschius, a couple of copies of the journal Perspectives of New Music and a computer manual or two. I can’t remember what source of random numbers I used – I don’t think I had yet acquired a copy of The Rand Corporations A Million Random Digits with 100,000 Normal Deviates, a massive compilation of random number tables – but I used random numbers to pick which pile of books to use, then which book to use, which page to go to and what position on the page to go to in order to find a text. How many words I used was determined by use of numbers from the Fibonacci series.

The Fibonacci series is named after Leonardo of Pisa (son of Bonacci, or filius Bonacci), the 12th Century Italian mathematician who introduced many Indian and Arabic mathematical ideas to the West. Among them was a number sequence, perhaps written about first by Pingala, an Indian mathematician (3rd and 2nd Century BCE), in which each new number is the sum of the two previous elements of the series. So, if the first two numbers are 1, 1, then the next number will be 2. The 4th element of the series will be the sum of the previous two elements, which are 1 and 2, so the 4th element will be 3. The series would begin like so, and then go on to infinity, getting larger and larger: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, etc.

This series has some rather remarkable properties, such as the ratio between any two successive elements of the series gets closer and closer to the value of Phi (1.61803399 …) as you progress through the series; the number of seeds in successive circular rows of sunflower seeds usually follows this kind of progression; the ancient Greeks used these proportions to design their temple –the ratio Phi was called the Golden Ratio and was felt to embody concepts of balance, form, proportion, and harmony within it – and so on. In music, both Claude Debussy and Béla Bartók, early 20th Century modernist composers, had used elements of the Fibonacci series to structure aspects of their work. Analyses of this usage were just beginning to be published at this time. So there was a great deal of thinking about the Fibonacci series in the air. Especially the Southern California air we were breathing at the time.

Many years later, now, I read about how the Fibonacci series was just one example of a more generalised phenomenon called additive sequences. The rule that generates the Fibonacci series is next N = the previous N + the second previous N. By changing the ‘seed values’ (that is, not always starting with 1, 1), different number sequences can be obtained but the proportions will always tend to be closer and closer to Phi the farther you go out into the series. If you change the rules, for example, next N = N 5 numbers ago + N 6 numbers ago, then you will get a totally different series, and the ratios of that rule will not tend to Phi, but will converge on a different constant. Any values used to start that series will tend to the same unique ratio for that series. Using this principle, in 2006–2010, I generated a lot of different random number routines using these equations for John Dunn’s ArtWonk and MusicWonk software, and I’m still using those generators in my own composition to this day.

Posted in ESSAYS | Tagged , ,

FOB: Fresh Off the Books


Image courtesy of the author.

‘Only idiots and government leeches live in Western Sydney,’ Zekay said to me as he tied up his oily brown hair into a topknot. He was standing in the middle of the grass at Central Park Mall, his hairy arms spread out like he was Jesus on the cross. Zekay was a University of Technology Sydney film student who lived in Surry Hills and loved to call himself the Son of Man while scratching the wiry pubes under his arms. I had met Zekay on Tinder, drawn by his curly hair and long lashes. His skin was as white as bleached notebook paper.

On our first date, I kept stroking the length of his forearm as if I was writing on it or as if I’d find the true talent of his art in the pores of his skin. At around 9pm, I asked Zekay if we could go home, my head lolling towards his lap as I pulled at his peach fuzzed arms. He ran me to the last Western Line train, and when I tried to kiss him goodnight he turned his head and whispered, ‘Don’t be an idiot.’ I fell through the barriers and threw up in my handbag all the way back to Mt Druitt.

There is an assumption that real art only comes from the city, and I wanted to be around Zekay because I thought he was a real artist. I assumed that to be a real writer I had to move into the city, get high, sleep with everyone, male and female, and drink everything until I became one. I thought the only thing stopping me from real writing was Mt Druitt and being Tongan.

It took twenty-one years for me to snap out of this psychology of self-hate, and to realise that I was already in a place to call myself a writer. In this essay, I want to argue about literature; real literature, a kind of literature for those with critical minds, dedicated natures and something new to say. Being a writer is writing what you own, and if there’s anything I own, it’s the literature of being a Fob in Mounty County.

Growing up as the only avid reader in my family, I originally thought that writing and reading was simply for fun. In Year 2, I loved writing poems about spring, flowers blooming, birds hatching, warm wind whistling. Come Year 6, I loved writing about far off dreamlands that had fifty-foot rollercoasters and magic spells. In Years 7–11, I loved writing about vampires that looked like Robert Pattinson and rich boy band members that looked like Harry Styles. My writing then – only about five years back – was a reflection of what was globally popular at the time: Twilight and One Direction, subject matter every teenager with a fan-fiction account was writing about.

I had ignored every chance to tell a new and original story. My fanfics had nothing to do with the fact I wore ta’ovalas every Sunday to my Tokaikolo Church in Granville, or that I have eight siblings or that my best friends from Mounty were Indonesian-Australian, Filipino-Australian and Pakistani-Australian.

My writing got better because I chose to attend university. University is where I learned about linguistics and the mechanics of the English language and its tools, such as where to put commas, full stops, ellipsis and semi-colons in their most effective places. I learned the importance of research as a creative writer: researching subject matter, genre and form. But it was when I’d encountered the work of Chris Lilley, a White man in brown face paint pretending to be Tongan on ABC television, that I came to realise the importance of the kinds of stories we tell, and who should be telling them.

Throughout most of my life, the only widespread representation I had seen of Western Sydney were news reports filled with dole-bludging bogans, violent teen gangs and ethnic terrorists. Now, when I write about Mt Druitt, I go up against national news that manifests itself into wide spread memes on the internet. One particular news-story-turned-meme uses the blond-headed adventurer icon Tin Tin (published by ‘Eshays’). Instead of wearing his trademark blue jumper and red slacks, Tin Tin is decked out in a snapback, Nikes and a bumbag as he walks past Bankstown train station. Bankstown is depicted in this image as a place filled with dead bodies, dog shit, bird shit and and Maccas. Another meme, ‘Tin Tin in Penrith’ (Published by ‘Herpes’) contains a similar message. Tin Tin rocks a redneck mullet as he gaps it with a smoko from drugged-up bogans, feral dogs and passed-out drunks in the Red Rooster carpark.

Another example is ‘Drive By’ by Michael Duffy and ‘Evil in the Suburbs’ by Cindy Wockner and Michael Porta. These kinds of mainstream ‘Western Sydney’ stories are always about ethnic crime, sexual assault, drug-dealers and drive-by shooters. These texts are always written by outsiders, people who do not come from Western Sydney and who do not have any legitimate connection to our region and our communities.

Although I understand that violence, drugs and people of low economic income do exist in Western Sydney, rarely do we ask why some people within my community have formed these gangsta or bogan identities in our suburbs in order to feel empowered. I believe it is because we enjoy the fantasy of power, control and community present in these identities, a feeling we rarely see reflected for us in mainstream Australian media and art.

Posted in ESSAYS | Tagged , , ,

The Ocean’s Tide: Parentheses in Kamau Brathwaite’s and Nathaniel Mackey’s Decolonial Poetics


Image of Nathaniel Mackey courtesy of Paris Review.

Rather than rehash reasons why mathematics and poetry are closely linked fields of intellectual practice, this essay assumes their relationship is the case and focuses on one of mathematics’s and grammar’s many functional figures, the parenthesis. Since first appearing in the work of German mathematician and astrologer Christopher Clavius, the parenthesis has been used in mathematics to denote a group of numbers or functions to be dealt with in isolation before its product is applied to its formulaic housing. Here, where the parenthesis is examined as an important poetic device, this grouping effect is taken into account, but, in addition, the parenthesis’s unexpected effects on the line of poetry, on the poem’s meaning, and on the immanent network of poetic relations the text represents will be foregrounded. In particular, I will ask how parentheses interact with aesthetic silence and the metaphor of the ocean’s tide in poetic and theoretical works by Barbadian poet and academic Kamau Brathwaite and American poet and academic Nathaniel Mackey in order to understand the ways in which each renders their decolonial poetics.

Such a project can perhaps only be carried out in an experimentally connective way, in acknowledgement of what American performance scholar Soyica Diggs Colbert calls ‘webs of affiliation’ in which presently occurring performances – in the case of this paper, the textual performance of ideas, punctuation marks, words, and meaning – link themselves in a non-linear fashion into the history of often elided Black movements (6-7). The texts used are Brathwaite’s conVERSations, The History of the Voice and various poetical works; and Mackey’s Discrepant Engagement, Paracritical Hinge and Splay Anthem. Wanting to journey inwards as immediately as possible from the invocation of this catalogue, the essay intends to instantiate in itself the form of the parenthesis, and infer that the parenthesis’s use grammatically and symbolically by these two Afro (I call them Afro, having eliminated all hyphenated addendum, and with the ‘o,’ in reference to being both ‘out’ of, and just ‘of,’ Africa) authors is an investiture of silence into the colonial thought-structure, and, at the same time, a representation of the dynamic, environmental movement and constancy of the tide, to which Brathwaite refers in his concept of a ‘tidal poetics.’

Both Brathwaite and Martiniquan poet and philosopher Édouard Glissant have used the metaphor of the tide to reconceptualise Caribbean and North American colonial history. For Brathwaite, the first step towards identifying a ‘tidalectics’ is to understand it as having an oceanic resonance, in the sense that it aims to access an as-yet unspoken, perhaps subconscious psychological region, and that it denotes not just an forward-moving historical progression, as colonialism does, but a simultaneously backward movement. A tidalectics allows non-linear theories of time to influence one’s reading of a text, and opens history to the revisionist processes so important to post- and de-colonial poetic practice. One of the key markers of a tidal poetics, then, is its acknowledgement of the silence that colonial forces create.

And yet, despite the constant and broad-surfaced emergence with which a tidal poetics comes upon us, when it registers itself in grammar, the idea of the tide has the potential to abruptly puncture the poetic work. Indeed, by reading grammatical parentheses within the tidalectical paradigm of Brathwaite and Mackey’s work, the tidal registers as both the interruption of silent space, and a container full of noise. In his Writing Australian Unsettlement (2015), contemporary Australian poet and critic Michael Farrell provides a compelling framework through which to think about the deconstructive potential of punctuation and other non-alphabetical markings. ‘In order to read in such a way that de-privileges the semantic and grammatical – the privileging of which constitutes literary settlement as such,’ Farrell proposes to examine ‘the material facts of each text as assemblage’ (6). He uses Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s pliable concept, ‘assemblage,’ with its carriage of its own French origin, ‘agencement,’ to confer agency onto non-human elements. When affectively misapplied, punctuation marks, both conventional and extra-grammatical, can be taken as rupturing the settlement of diction and grammar, and sending a destabilising shockwave through the larger colonial structures that rely on them.

Another pertinent connection to make here is with Roland Barthes’s theorisation of the punctum in relation to photography. For Barthes, the punctum (a word derived from the Greek for trauma) is the highly personal, even discrete, element of a photographic composition that ‘shoots out of it like an arrow, and pierces me’ (Barthes 26). The punctum is disruptive and eruptive. While Farrell’s work is highly localised to the situation of Australian colonial settlement, and Barthes’ is even further removed, they both provide ways of thinking about punctuation that could be applicable to poetry working within other colonial contexts. Closer to the American and Caribbean colonial situation, Eve Shockley argues that poetries responding to the trans-Atlantic culture and economy of slave trading have the capacity for healing via their ‘reckoning with the discursive evidence of [the] rupture’ that epitomises the Middle Passage. And it is a persistent rupture, she argues, which is still enacted by language’s production of African American subjectivity (795). It is reasonable to suggest in consideration of Brathwaite and Mackey’s disruptive use of parentheses, and other related bow shapes in their rendering of poetry to the page, that punctuation plays a significant role in create space for such a subjectivity when the established lexicon does not.

So, there is this part of grammar, punctuation, that can be taken as not only structuring the meaning of a text, but acting on that text of which it is a part in a way counter to its semantics. Not only counter to that semantics, but also on a completely different register to the semantics of a text. Punctures can be read in the same way that we read a pun, for example: as meaning what it says, as well being a kind of nonsense. In Writing Australian Unsettlement, Farrell, like Brathwaite, takes puns seriously, as capable of altering the world to the same extent that the text the punctuation punctures can be said to alter the world. They are holes through which the matter of the text can slip, and also through which matter can re-emerge. As an example of how it is through punctuation that the surface of the text and its chthonic world are connected, we might consider that Brathwaite’s ‘nation language’ word for ‘upon’ is ‘pun’ (conVERSations 75). But a parenthesis is a strange kind of punctuation. Instead of being a bullet-hole in a text, a parenthetical bracket creates space for further speech that is to take place on the plane of the page. In the first semantic movements of Brathwaite’s Masks, for example, parentheses stand for the material of Ghanaian ceremony, most noticeably in the poem, ‘The Two Curved Sticks of the Drummer,’ where the percussive instruments create ceremony’s rhythm, seeming to invoke not only by their impact but by their curved shape, the ceremony’s altered state of consciousness (8-9). These object-bodies are called forth to occupy a place upon the surface of, and that is, the text, or the drum.

Posted in ESSAYS | Tagged , , , , ,

A Poetics of a Politics


Images courtesy of Ledelle Moe.

When delivering a thesis presentation based on rethinking the methodologies for reading Aboriginal Australian poetics, a fellow postgraduate student asked me, ‘Do you consider your thesis political?’ I was momentarily floored. It was a question I had expected, and yet had not been adequately prepared for. In fact, as it turned out, the question was meant sincerely. As I asked the student in question, it seemed as if it had been asked as an attempt to invigorate and deepen conversation, rather than challenge my research findings. However, as I struggled to talk myself around the question itself, I came to realise that the many hours I had put into my thesis – attempting to raise critical questions regarding the cross-cultural effect of a political, post-colonial poetics might have succumbed to the very pitfall responsible for the fall of the much-maligned moniker, ‘multiculturalism’ that now spells death for any progressive contemporary research attempted in the Arts.

A phrase drawing on the utopic, socially-cohesive imagined future of Australia, ‘multiculturalism’ is now just as resonant for false ties of kinship, superficial cultural connections and eliding real cultural growth as it is for productive cross-cultural conversation. If you mention the word in a grand lecture theatre or any dank tavern across the country, you will be received by a blurry-eyed glare across a frothy beer glass or a lectern, with the result being largely the same – multiculturalism, cosmopolitanism, whatever you want to call it – is not fashionable anymore. However, the impetus remains to present cross-cultural work, or at least that was how I saw it as I began my PhD research. Now I feel as though a real multiculturalism should be revitalised out of spite to the forces making it so unpopular (is this not the case already, with so many axioms and theoretical concepts developed in recent years, such as ‘comparative’ or ‘world’ that make the case for a cross-cultural way of thinking?).

But back to the scene of the crime and to the wide-eyed faces of my peers. It was with a sense of self-effacing horror that I realised as a non-Indigenous academic researcher, I had somehow managed to unconsciously trivialise and politicise the subjectivity of the voices I was trying to explore within academic scholarship. The question resounding in my head was: can research on Indigenous arts be raised in critical conversation without being said to be automatically, and inherently political? Such a question led to a multitude of unwarranted, unconscious reactions on my part (‘oh gosh, perhaps this is how Toni Morrison felt when she was asked why she didn’t write about white people!’). I raise these issues self-effacingly here firstly to highlight the necessity that might grate on Indigenous Australian authors, poets, songwriters, playwrights, artisans and many other cultural producers; as they are asked to subscribe to a certain authenticated Indigenous subjectivity or cultural identity within a community, but also to primarily acknowledge the inestimable legacy of Indigenous thinkers in Australia today as progressive, intercultural literary figures – as was the point of my presentation. Perhaps I hadn’t made my point clear enough.

Following what seems like a century of work on ‘minor literatures’ by august scholars of the likes of Gilles Deleuze, Felix Guattari, Franz Kafka, etc, I sought to work in concert with the theory that to write in a minor language is itself a politicised act, and thereon, to suggest that to write in a minor literature means that – while remaining embedded in politics– we can give it the flexibility, interagency and fluidity of a majoritarian one (2003). To extend these principles in relation to the onslaught of a ‘political’ presentation, I set myself a somewhat dubious task; laying the groundwork for a study of poetics to become intimately entangled with not only its own ‘political immediacy’ as Deleuze and Guattari highlight in their work on Kafka, but the ubiquity of surrounding universes (and universals) in taking up the mantle of a multicultural legacy (n.p.).

Specifically, I pose the speculative question that poet and activist Lionel Fogarty of the Yoogum and Kidjela peoples in Southern Queensland wields a highly complex cross-cultural vernacular, and as such, we should read his breakages in the English language not merely as a ‘offensive weapon’ as many more erudite scholars than I have posed, but as a intermediated straddling of both sides of a borderspace in producing a relational poetic. Such a finding corresponds with a seminal work produced by a father figure of Martiniquan literature, Edouard Glissant, Poetics of Relation (1999).

In his book, Poetics of Relation, Glissant suggested that the intercultural exchanges in the Caribbean could relate complex processes of cultural exchange in the wider world. Heavily informed then, by creolisation, a Poetics of Relation can be described as ensuring that within cross-cultural contact or exchange, one’s culture is both opaque, resistant to objectification or nullification, and yet, is relational, able to be mutually affect others, and be affected. He writes (in an able translation provided by Betsy Wing), ‘The thing that makes the understanding of every culture limitless is precisely the thing that allows us to imagine, without approaching it, the infinite interaction of cultures’ (Poetics of Relation 172).

For a better understanding of a Poetics of Relation as a quasi-methodological concept relating to literary texts, consider Glissant’s Relation in a visual form; in the mixed media installation Congregation, an artwork constructed by South African artist Ledelle Moe. In 2006, Congregation was installed in Miami’s Perez Art Museum during a conference on Glissant’s legacy suitably entitled, ‘Poetics of Relation’, and in 2014, it was reproduced in Glissant’s hometown of Martinique, for the Martinique Biennale.

Figure 1: Ledelle Moe, Congregation, 2006 Installation view Pérez Art Museum. Miami Concrete and steel. Dimensions variable.

Figure 2: Ledelle Moe, Congregration, 2006 Installation view Pérez Art Museum. Miami Concrete and steel. Dimensions variable.

Posted in ESSAYS | Tagged , , , , , , , ,

3 Translated Samuel Trigueros Espino Poems


Image courtesy of Festival de Poesía El Salvador


PIGS

‘I have seen friends Circe turned into pigs. Her wheel, her diamond.
The pigs don’t know my hideouts, mercenaries of shadows.’
–Edilberto Cardona Bulnes

I have beheaded pigs, but Circe insists on multiplying them. They were the mercenaries of education, mercenaries of art, mercenaries of public relations, mercenaries of publicity and the marketplace; they were the mercenaries of poetry; they bolted, made friendships, wrote verses; put on costumes and earrings, followed the gymnastics of convenience, weighed cement and nails on the crooked scales of greed; left in their wake an exquisite scent and under its rug lay the corpses. I have decapitated pigs that Circe then revives and employs in the administration of new artificial paradises, in the distribution of miasma. Circe would give garlic necklaces to the employee of the month, a gentle pat on the ego’s shoulder; endlessly she’d massage the crease in the gland that secretes a liquid to burn the world. I hear my decapitated pigs gargling their throats, with constant fresh sutures, their wounds healed with plasters of hypocrisy, with luxurious ointments distilled from red lightbulbs. They were, to a moderate extent, revolutionaries; they all wore red shirts, carried voluminous incunabula of Das Kapital; all of them had swallowed the 86 hour “cure for insomnia” and on their heads shone the mitre of the marketplace. Sometimes—especially in the melancholy late afternoon light—they suffered terrible attacks of conceptual, methodical tenderness. Then it was no problem to see them stand on tiptoes to avoid massacring ants or exterminating geraniums. Experts in the Mexican wave performed behind the back of the oceans’ heart, they, they, domesticated heat, plugged the steaming craters with slogans, decked protest out with the finest valves, accelerated puberty’s motor; stabbed mystery with Truth Commissions, impaled the jurists, established the NGO of filth, they, they, the pigs I decapitated between lines, the pigs, bohemians with glaucous eyes who poured mirages through the bars of my cell, pigs who gilded the concupiscence of diplomas and diplomacy, pigs who sang at my funeral in their puffed-up radiophonic voices, pigs reclaiming their droit de seigneur at my wedding with eternity, the pigs who sponsored my sadness to get a good look at the announcement of my despair, the pigs, pigs, pigs, true friends, pigs I decapitated without knowing it, till now I’ve lost them and see them devouring the ripe apples that fall like red galaxies from the tree I fed with patience and with the dazzling light of my bones.


PIGS

‘He visto amigos que Circe volvió cerdos. Su rueda, su diamante.
Los cerdos no saben mis abrigos, mercenarios de las sombras’
–Edilberto Cardona Bulnes

He degollado cerdos, pero Circe insiste en multiplicarlos. Ellos eran los mercenarios de la educación, los mercenarios del arte, los mercenarios de las relaciones públicas, los mercenarios de la publicidad y del mercado; ellos eran los mercenarios de la poesía: hacían tornillos, amistades, versos; se ponían trajes y aretes, asistían al gimnasio de la conveniencia, pesaban clavos y cemento en la balanza chueca de la voracidad; dejaban tras de sí un perfume exquisito bajo cuya alfombra yacían los cadáveres. He degollado cerdos que Circe resucita y los emplea en la administración de los nuevos paraísos artificiales, en la distribución de miasma. Collares de ajo dio Circe al empleado del mes, palmaditas en el ego, interminables fricciones en la comisura del glande por donde un líquido salía y quemaba el orbe. Oigo las gárgaras de mis cerdos degollados, continuamente suturados, sanados con emplastos de hipocresía, con bálsamos de lujuria destilados de la bombilla roja. Eran, medianamente, revolucionarios: tenían todos camisetas rojas, volúmenes incunables de El Capital; todos se habían tragado las ochenta y siete horas de “The cure of insomnia” y en sus cabezas brillaba la mitra del mercado. A veces –sobre todo contra la melancólica luz de los atardeceres- sufrían ataques terribles de ternura, conceptual y metódica. Entonces era fácil verlos de puntillas evitando masacrar a las hormigas o extinguir los geranios. Expertos en hacer la ola a espaldas del corazón de los océanos, ellos, ellos, domesticaron el ardor, taponaron con eslóganes los cráteres humeantes, pusieron válvulas finísimas a la protesta, aceleraron el motor de la pubertad; apuñalaron el misterio con Comisiones de la Verdad, empalaron a los juristas, fundaron la oenegé del asco, ellos, ellos, los cerdos que degollé entre líneas, los cerdos, los bohemios de ojos glaucos que derramaron espejismos entre los barrotes de mi celda, los cerdos que doraron la concupiscencia de los diplomas y la diplomacia, los cerdos que cantaron engolados con radiofónica voz en mi funeral, los cerdos que reclamaron derecho de pernada en mis bodas con la eternidad, los cerdos que patrocinaron mi tristeza para ver el anuncio de mi desesperación, los cerdos, los cerdos, los cerdos, ciertos amigos, cerdos a los que degollé sin saberlo, hasta ahora que los he perdido y veo devorar los manzanos maduros que caen como galaxias rojas del árbol que alimenté con paciencia y con el resplandor de mis huesos.

Posted in TRANSLATIONS | Tagged ,

Sticker Lady’s Tales of the First World


Begin | Tales of the First World | 2014-2015 | ink and watercolour on archival paper

Kintaro the golden boy finds a smart phone.

Posted in ARTWORKS | Tagged

‘I have never understood a single poem’: Chi Tran Interviews Mei-mei Berssenbrugge


Image courtesy of The Operating System

Mei-mei Berssenbrugge’s poetry may feel to some as very abstract – perhaps to the point where one feels they cannot achieve what is considered to be a thorough or ‘correct’ understanding of the work.

What has come to light from my exchanges with Berssenbrugge is that there is no singular way to understand her work. Perhaps drawing lines around and across differences in understandings poses a bit of a problem (not necessarily one to be solved as such, but to be thought and written through) and only directs us back into a canonical way of thinking, instead of propelling us forward and out.

Berssenbrugge speaks to me about her ongoing relationship with language and understanding(s), and why she chooses to view writing as a service, as a growing source of non-material provisions. How does a thought live on after we think it? And similarly, what happens to a line in a poem once it is written, read, processed?

Speaking to her is an overwhelmingly sensorial experience, despite the fact that we are listening and responding to each other through machines. Her verbal expression is quite similar to that of her poetry; the mundane is made metaphysical, theoretical made personal. Berssenbrugge’s generosity is profound, evident from the time she takes to answer my questions, and her answers are at once secure yet humble, open to being shaken a little bit.

After hanging up on our last video call, I felt many things including a kind of grief.

I also felt incredibly grateful that Mei-mei Berssenbrugge accepted to converse with me. I would like to make explicit that what is being published here is less than a sixth of our full conversations. She afforded me the privilege of being allowed into her material home – as she carried me via laptop into the vast landscapes of New Mexico, across her metres-long writing table, and along her walls of bookshelves – but most generously, she welcomed me into her poetic practice and her branches of thinking, which feel almost greater than the vistas of Albuquerque she showed me from her balcony.

My conversations with Berssenbrugge also created a sense of relief. She explained, in a way that was not explanatory at all but more like an invitation, that poetry and one’s understanding of it is not singular – out of necessity, it cannot be. It occupies a state so multiple that its plurality cannot perhaps even be intellectualised in a way that is fathomable, much like this very sentence is attempting to do. To understand a poem, any poem, is an ongoing process, one where diversion and distraction and delay are perhaps requisite for it to continue moving.

I view Berssenbrugge’s writing as working towards fostering a non-binaristic mode of thinking. Popular couplings such as thought / feeling and poetry / theory exist as spectrums in her mind, and taking into account the work she has made throughout her decades as a writer, she has always been a spectrum thinker, or indeed a spectrum feeler. In her poem ‘Karmic Trace’ from Hello, the Roses (New Directions, 2013), she closes it with the line: ‘I feel joy, but it is relative.’

Chi Tran:

An experience is not one experience.

I go over it again and again, as it assimilates in me.

Repeating becomes more like an associative process.

(excerpt from ‘Winter Whites’, Mei-mei Berssenbrugge)

In preparing for this interview, I asked my friend what makes him gravitate toward the artists that he does, and after citing the wonderful Leslie Scalapino, he said he likes people ‘who don’t really make sense.’ And I related to his response in the way that I find your work at once very challenging but very generous in its attention to time and its attention to change. As a reader of your work, I don’t think I understand it, but my failure to do so does not feel collapsible nor does it feel alienating; in fact, it feels fruitful. As a poet, how do you relate to these ideas of sense-making and understanding?

Mei-mei Berssenbrugge: I think all time is simultaneous, so that remembering is more of a creative process, and so imagination plays a larger role in our perception of reality.

Remembering is progressive; an event that is amorphous can begin to radiate energy or comprehension to you, in your mental solar system or galaxy. So then remembering would be generative.

Each time you remember, it is from a different place and time, from a different point of view or aspect, so there is no repetition. When you remember an event, you are associating to a new event, rather than returning to an “original” event. So associating is creative, a larger range.

I like when memory becomes an iconic story. Like the story of my engagement or when our snake declared herself alpha over our little dog.

I often say that I have never understood a single poem. When I read a poem, I take it in as a whole. In the same way that I do not understand Schubert’s Sonata in D Minor I love so much.

Sense is awareness. Understanding, comprehension, is a ‘grasp’, more fixed.

In this poem [‘Winter Whites’], remembering, associating, helps to construct the diaphanous energetic wholeness of all things. For me, the wholeness of all things is always the sense. (The charge of emotion with respect to association becomes the atmosphere.)

CT: Thank you for your answer to my first question. I am really interested in talking to you about this idea of ‘understanding’.

MB: Yes. Even though I studied poetry in school and I have a graduate degree in poetry, I don’t think I’ve ever understood a single poem in my life. I think there’s an argument to a poem, and then there’s the energetic matrix of a poem. And I think it’s the argument that I don’t necessarily understand in poetry.

CT: What do you mean by an energetic matrix?

MB: I think of a poem as an energetic whole, because the way I reach an expression of energy is through language. I definitely think about the so-called idea or meaning of a poem, but for me, it is more about keeping the energy high. I also want to mention that when I write a poem, I often have no idea of what I’ve said. I make assemblages of notes and put them together, but it’s at the unconscious level that composition occurs, and I think there are more profound gestalts of understanding to be found that way. So I am not somebody who thinks complex thoughts by my will; I find them. A lot of people now say that there are more neurons in the heart than there are in the brain.

Posted in INTERVIEWS | Tagged ,