Charles Baudelaire, born in Paris in 1821, was one of the greatest nineteenth-century French poets. He is a key figure in European literature, with a far-reaching influence – an example, in his life and in his poetry, of what it means to be modern. Les Fleurs du mal, his major work, was influenced by the French romantic poets of the early nineteenth century, but is formally classical, though Baudelaire dispensed with some of the rigidities of French versification. He brought an intimate and sometimes shocking note into poetry through his confessionalism, his preoccupation with sin, sex, Satanism, suffering and subversion. His feeling for the transience and beauty of the city included its squalor and poverty and its most humble street people. He was an inspired art critic, a forerunner of the symbolists, and a progenitor of the prose poem; his translations of Edgar Allen Poe have had a profound effect on French writers and literary theorists. Baudelaire was perhaps his own worst enemy, a proud, intense, passionate, charismatic, wretched, impoverished, inspired poète maudit, beloved by loyal, long-suffering friends such as Théodore de Banville who spoke at his funeral: ‘the man has just died; the lasting triumph has begun.’
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